The Problem Of Poverty Of Homelessness - 950 Words

Poverty WHAT I ALREADY KNOW/WHY THIS TOPIC Down my building street, a homeless lives there. I always wonder what brought him here. What was his previous occupation before living down the street and annoying everyone else. Questions started to rise. Are they really homeless? poor? or faking it up to attract people’s attention? I had an experience that made these questions rise weirdly. One day, I was sitting in Starbucks, located in Cary street beside Chili’s and I saw the homeless that howl beside my home sitting there and charging his brand new Samsung Galaxy phone and began to text. I was shocked because what I saw is not how homeless should be. Another question rose again, which is, why would he buy a phone with an internet in it. He could buy food for that money. RESULT OF THE RESEARCH After that incident, I started to surf the internet look for an answer. If we do research and discover the situation of homelessness, we will learn that there are many reasons. There are many reasons why does homeless exists. One of those reasons is mental health illnesses. Think about it! Having a kid with a mental issue is a small problem and can be help tightly, but when that kid gets older he/she could be unbearable and living with that person is impossible. From that moments parents ignore that person and sometimes leave him/her alone in a park or even the street. This is one reason why homeless tend to increase over time. Another reason is that homeless tend to own homes and lives,Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Poverty And Homelessness1604 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of poverty and homelessness in America. In fact, a study taken in 2015 gathered that with more interaction and willingness to help the homeless, the more empathy and compassion is gained for them, later resulting in a larger contribution from society creating a social change. I obtained this information based on a survey taken by Lindsay Phillips, a physiologist, that took it upon herself to ask working, undergraduate college students to describe their perceptions of homelessness, willingnessRead MoreThe Problem Of Poverty And Homelessness956 Words   |  4 Pagestransportation and I see a person who is homeless I do one of two things: 1) Avoid eye contact and act as if they don’t exist or 2) I give them some extra food or my loose change. Poverty is something that most people tend to ignore, or act like someone else is there to fix it. This image critically argues that poverty and/or homelessness isn’t something that can be fixed with some coins it requires an actual change. This image makes this argument with its size and color, play on words that targets a specificRead MoreHomelessness And Poverty And Homelessness1699 Words   |  7 PagesCenter on Ho melessness and Poverty 7) While a portion of today’s society turns a blind eye to the subject of the criminalization of homelessness, an even larger quantity of people are not aware of the situation that is happening in every major city of America. For those living an affluent lifestyle, it can be difficult to discuss the amount of poverty and homelessness that is constantly occurring. The definition and meaning behind the absence of home is also arduous to discuss. While homelessness is commonlyRead MoreThe Perception of the Homeless1092 Words   |  5 Pagespeople in the United States alone (National Student Campaign against Hunger and Homelessness). Within this amount of people there are challenges beyond not having a home that most citizens with a home do not face that include thinking about appearance, quality and source of food, living space, and source of money. These are just a few things that non-homeless may overlook when thinking about the challenges of homelessness. The way that we as a na tion perceive others around us comes into play here, becauseRead MoreThe Perception of the Homeless1206 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States alone (National Student Campaign against Hunger and Homelessness). Within this amount of people there are challenges beyond not having a home that the majority of citizens with a home do not face. These include: thinking about appearance, quality and source of food, living space, and source of money. Those mentioned are just a few things that non-homeless people may overlook when thinking about the challenges of homelessness. As a nation the way we perceive others around us comes into playRead MoreHomelessness in the United States Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesCampaign Against Hunger and Homelessness, â€Å"approximately 3.5 million people are homeless each year, while 36.3 million live in households without enough food.† This statistic only reflects the United States, and to many people, it just doesn’t make sense. For instance Alfredzine Black of the YWCA in Marion, Indiana says, â€Å"I don’t understand why we have so much poverty in the richest country in the world!† Citizens of the United States have a hard time defining and identifying poverty in their communitiesRead MoreEssay on Solving Homelessness1416 Words   |  6 PagesSolving Homelessness Nationwide homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways an individual can become homeless, for the most part it is poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of environments, such as urban or suburban areas. Last, there is the ever-growing homeless population, and how much money it costs us for others to live in poverty. A way we can help find the solution to this problem, is to know the facts about this lingeringRead More Homelessness in america Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Here in Tahoe, we are lucky enough to experience a great quality of life, and only a few have to face the horrible life of poverty and homelessness. However, nationwide, even right outside the basin, homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways one can become homeless; for the most part poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of terrain, such as urban or suburban areas. LastRead MoreWhy Do People Become Homelss1750 Words   |  7 Pagesto present to you why people become homeless and why it does not stop Homelessness is a problem that have getting out of hands because of not addressing the situation on time. The focus is not so much the why but, if it will ever stop. Homelessness is a phenomenon that has so much to address research has been done; it was discover that for our government to concentrate on the stop instead of the why. We know the why. The problem is to start by addressing th e gender, the culture, the psychosocial ofRead MoreCauses of Homelessness Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Homelessness Bentley Martin BSHS/302 July 16, 2011 Joey Schumacher Causes of Homelessness There are many factors that lead to poverty and homelessness. People often jump to conclusions and form stereotypes to look down upon those who are poor. Stereotypes include poor people who are viewed as lazy, jobless, criminals, or un-educated. When I think of a homeless individual, I would agree with most of the stereotypes and find within the reading and researching that there is more to

The Writing A Research Paper - 923 Words

Writing a Research Paper The research paper There will come a time in most students careers when they are assigned a research paper. Such an assignment often creates a great deal of unneeded anxiety in the student, which may result in procrastination and a feeling of confusion and inadequacy. This anxiety frequently stems from the fact that many students are unfamiliar and inexperienced with this genre of writing. Never fear—inexperience and unfamiliarity are situations you can change through practice! Writing a research paper is an essential aspect of academics and should not be avoided on account of one s anxiety. In fact, the process of writing a research paper can be one of the more rewarding experiences one may encounter in academics. What is more, many students will continue to do research throughout their careers, which is one of the reasons this topic is so important. Becoming an experienced researcher and writer in any field or discipline takes a great deal of practice. There are few individuals for whom this process comes naturally. Remember, even the most seasoned academic veterans have had to learn how to write a research paper at some point in their career. Therefore, with diligence, organization, practice, a willingness to learn (and to make mistakes!), and, perhaps most important of all, patience, a student will find that she can achieve great things through her research and writing. This handout will include the following sections related to theShow MoreRelatedWriting and Research Paper2935 Words   |  12 Pagesthe textbook. Read at least two articles per week. Read the Writer at Work following some of the articles. HE – Harbrace Essentials – recommended writing handbook. Strunk and White and the Purdue University Online Writing Lab can be found online (links in resources). Questions? E-mail the instructor: patricia.green@hccs.edu Other Materials Paper and pen Folder for handouts Jump drive/flash drive Grade Percentages Essay #1: (10%) 500 word personal memoir on childhood and familyRead MoreWriting a Great Research Paper1643 Words   |  7 Pagesby Karl Weber, M.A. Writing a Great Research Paper: Picking an A+ Topic Study Guide Video Aided Instruction, Inc. Roslyn Heights, New York 1 #VAI-S1914 v1.0 This study guide should be used along with a program published by Video Aided Instruction, Inc. For more information, call 1-800 -238-1512 or visit us online at videoaidedinstruction.com. This study guide should be used along with the following program published by Video Aided Instruction. The instructor works through the exercisesRead MoreResearch And Writing Interest Paper867 Words   |  4 PagesWanlin Jiang (Lynn) Research and Writing Interest paper 1. What is your research topic? Elements that contribute to a market campaign’s failure and the way to revise unsuccessful advertisement. In which point that makes the customer abandon a product because of the unsuccessful ad, and the way to fix the unwise designs of inappropriate ads. 2. Why do you research it? To begin with, I am interested in how advertisements influence our lives, and more, how customers respond to advertisements.Read MoreGathering Information and Writing a Research Paper1644 Words   |  7 PagesGathering Information and Writing a Research Paper xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Gathering Information and Writing a Research Paper Writing a research paper for the first time can be a difficult task if not given the proper instruction to complete such an assignment. Breaking a research paper down into separate tasks and sections might ease frustrations for the researcher and give them some fundamental tools for future research projects. A goodRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing A Good Research Paper2084 Words   |  9 Pageswill have to face the challenge of writing a research paper. As those who have written one before knowing, it is no easy task. But the writing process should not intimidate students. Even those who write well do so only after many attempts And by practice. Many students come to college unprepared to write a custom research paper simply because they have not had the opportunity to do so during high school. Thus, they do not know the basic components of a research paper and are bewildered when assignedRead MoreLoss: A Stage of Writing a Research Paper1503 Words   |  7 PagesLoss has everything to do with writing a research paper. It starts with a loss of words when nobody knows what word to pick. Then there is a loss of money because you’ve had to fuel your car up to go to the Auburn Library and make tons of copies of your research. By the time the thesis is due, a loss of words comes ba ck with a disappearing reason why the word is important. With the etymology most students are completely lost because, despite being given a crash course on how to read the Oxford EnglishRead MorePreventing Plagiarism When Writing A Research Paper980 Words   |  4 PagesPREVENTING PLAGIARISM WHEN WRITING In a research paper, you have to come up with your own original ideas while at the same time making reference to work that s already been done by others. But how can you tell where their ideas end and your own begin? What s the proper way to integrate sources in your paper? If you change some of what an author said, do you still have to cite that author? Confusion about the answers to these questions often leads to plagiarism. If you have similar questions orRead MoreBlood Type Caught My Interest For Writing A Research Paper1754 Words   |  8 PagesShubha Gautam Caitrin Blake Eng 121 Nov 3rd, 2015 Research Paper on â€Å"O Blood Group† Before we talk about O blood group. I would like to include that O blood type caught my interest for writing a research paper. It’s because I personally have O negative blood group which is rare and considered to be a universal donor. So first of all, we must know what is blood group? Blood group is actually a different type of blood with different and complex chemical system found in the human being, also determineRead More I Don’t Have a Topic for My Research Paper, So I’m Writing about Nothing2826 Words   |  12 PagesWhat is nothing? Though at first, the response may seem like little more than a play on words, the simple answer is this: Nothing is not. No word such as anything or everything can be added at the end of the statement to further clarify the crucial concept, which is non-existence: the dictionary definition of nothing. In actuality, though, although the denotation of nothing insists on absolute absence and void, in today’s society nothing is actually quite present, masquerading as something indeedRead MoreHow I Learned From Class Into My Writing876 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the semester I thought Writing 102 was going to be very similar to other writing courses that I have taken. However, as the semester wore on, I came to the realization that this course would be challenging for me. I have always thought that my writing was fine and that I could skate by with mediocre papers. This thought process could not have been further from the truth. To be successful in writing classes such as this one, I needed to follow a writing process. I needed to utilize the

Intelligence Testing Article Free Essays

There is not one precise definition of intelligence. But, the idea of intelligence can be seen as a cluster of mental abilities that has the ability to obtain and use knowledge, exhibit problem-solving skills, and to excel at a variety of tasks (Shiraev Levy, 2010). Intelligence is a necessary factor that allows one to adapt to one’s environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Intelligence Testing Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now But outside of the dominion of cultural context, intelligence cannot be really explained; this is because questions on intelligence tests that are scored often do not have the same meaning in every culture (Shiraev Levy, 2010). Howard Gardner’s theory proposed his own view of intelligence in which he claimed that seven intelligences work independently but concurrently, completing one another. The PASS theory, a basis for the Cognitive Assessment System, features three functional units. Both these theories have a significant impact within psychology and smooth out the loose ends of extensive cross-cultural cracks in calculating tools. Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Howard Gardner offered an alternative understanding of intelligence, which added to the traditional definition; it incorporated three-dimensional relations, mathematics, music, linguistic ability, and interpersonal knowledge (Kaufman, 2013). Gardner (1989), defined intelligence as â€Å"the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting† (P. 4). His definition acknowledged mathematical and verbal skills. Gardner’s theory outlines seven intelligences; linguistic, logical/mathematical, spatial, bodily, musical, intrapersonal, and two personal intelligences of social feelings and intentions of others. According to the theory of multiple intelligences, the intelligences work simultaneously, accompanying one another while an individual learns, develops, improves, and masters life skills. Gardner argued for the cultural and biological basis by emphasizing the outcomes of neurobiological research, which maintenances knowledge as a result of basic function capability and changes. Gardner not only had his biological origin for multiple intelligences, he also believes that culture plays an important role in the development of intelligence than traditionally acknowledged (Gardner, 1983). Some cultures value and preserve certain types of intelligences, especially if they help with the improvement and maintenance of a culture. The more appreciated a skill is, the more one is driven to know and thrive in that particular discipline. A particular intelligence can be very much developed due to a culture’s value, while others may not develop or develop hardly at all (Gardner, 1983). PASS Theory The PASS theory of intelligence proposes that cognition is organized in three functional units that are applied widely to IQ tests. According to Luria’s idea of this model, PASS stands for Planning, Attention-Arousal, and Simultaneous and Successive model of processing (Kaufman, 2013). According to this model, the first functional unit’s job is to focus and sustain attention. The second function is the attention process, which maintains alertness and arousal levels, and warrants focus on important stimuli. The final functional unit accepts and stores information with consecutive and concurrent processing. PASS theory challenges what is the foundation of all cognitive processes; G-based theories. G-based theories of human intelligence say that â€Å"human intellectual functioning is best described as a unitary class† (Das Abbott, 1995). The challenge comes from the fact that g-theory believes that neuropsychological research that establishes the brain is made up of diverse codependent organisms (Das Abbott, 1995). The PASS theory seeks to explain intelligence in a more dynamically appropriate sense and to overcome gaps from the traditional IQ test. IQ tests are based on outdates theories that rely on correlations between the IQ scores, but not taking into consideration that intelligence is evolving and unsolidified. Intelligence Testing The reason that traditional IQ testing is not reliable is because they are built on the concept that intelligence is mainly methodical and fixed. Gardner believed in calculating intellectual tendencies at an early age because he did not believe intelligences are permanent (Morgan, 1996). As cultures vary, they reach intelligence at different levels and they may see certain skills and knowledge of more value than others (Kaufman, 2013). Gardner’s theory is flexible to the dissimilarities in intelligences cross-culturally and is genuine in measuring intelligence (Morgan, 1996). The PASS theory emphasizes on developments, rather than intelligence and capability helps with being familiar cross-culturally, and is rather reasonable as oppose to general IQ testing (Das Abbott, 1995). General IQ testing and similar tests stress the importance of language and mathematical abilities,; this is not exactly accurate cross-cultural measurement (Kaufman, 2013). Conclusion The unfairness of intelligence testing is submerged. The measurements of these tests are reliable, but only to a small fraction of the population cross-culturally. Both theories mentioned smooth out the bumps of widespread gaps in effective measuring tools when it comes to cross-cultural population. Different cultures cannot be effectively measured by traditional IQ and similar psychological tests. When the correlations of social success and IQ scores are matched, they show an inaccurate picture of bias constructed with things like sexism and racism. The measurement of intelligence must take into account the essential cultural perspective of knowledge and learning. How to cite Intelligence Testing Article, Papers

Toqueville And Freedom Essay Example For Students

Toqueville And Freedom Essay Political Freedom: Arendt and de TocquevilleFreedom in America emanates from the state of political freedom held by the citizens. Both Hannah Arendt and Alexis de Tocqueville provide criticism of the apparent shape freedom maintains in America as well as insight regarding how they perceive true political freedom. By using the observations and criticisms of de Tocqueville and the vision of Arendt, the position of modern America and its relation to the ideals of political freedom can be understood. It is necessary to understand de Tocquevilles observation of equality in order to make the distinction of democracy and how freedom relates to it. According to de Tocqueville, democracy requires an initial ingredient of civil equality. Civil equality is the absence of social divisions and barriers. The necessity of equality then leads to individuals and the deconstruction of community bonds. This occurs because the presence of community requires separate social classes and dependencies based on the class relations. De Tocqueville says, ?equality places men side by side, unconnected by any common tie? (de Tocqueville 194). Individuals needs and desires in society evolve into individualism and the further pursuit of ones self-interest. Political liberties and freedoms are thus sacrificed in attempts to satisfy the private appetite for personal gains. De Tocqueville maintains that, Selfishness blights the germ of all virtue; individualism, at first, only saps the virtue of public life; but, in the long run, it attacks and destroys all others, and is at length absorbed in downright selfishness. (De Tocqueville 193)Such selfish disassociation from society equates to tyranny of the majority under the despotic rule of centralized government because citizens no longer find reason or a feeling of responsibility in terms of a public realm that offers no direct personal reward. The collapse of public responsibilities is rooted in the growth of private desires. Alexis de Tocqueville takes democracy down a miserable path where citizens become divided and governments become despotic and centralized. The morals of society collapse, connections dissolve between citizens, and freedom produces private animosities, but despotism gives birth to general indifference (de Tocqueville 195). Democracy in America does not end in despotic centralization; it concludes with the realization of the need for political freedom and the insinuation of power into the citizens through associations. In order to combat the evils which equality may produce, there is only one effectual remedy, namely, political freedom (de Tocqueville 197). Political salvation in America does not seep from the national government, nor does it fester within the states themselves. De Tocqueville recognizes associations, which are the political forces beyond the sphere of institutional government, as the necessary means of preserving political power of the majority and political freedom i n democracy. If men living in democratic countries had no right and no inclination to associate for political purposes, there independence would be in great jeopardy; but they might long preserve their wealth and their cultivation; whereas, if they never acquired the habit of forming associations in ordinary life, civilization itself would be endangered. (De Tocqueville 199) Associations offer salvation where governments fail to preserve themselves. Without politics beyond the government there cannot be politics within the government except for absolute despotism. For Arendt, the circumstances that inhibit political freedom and those that establish it are of equal importance. This helps in developing the necessary means involved in obtaining political freedom. There ?should be no reason for us to mistake civil rights for political freedom, or to equate these preliminaries of civilized government with the very substance of a free republic (Arendt 220). Arendt has established civil rights as an entity separate from political freedom. Civil rights apply to liberation and not political freedom, because civil rights do not necessarily assume the presence of freedom. Civil rights can be granted to a population under the rule of a tyrant in the form of a law, but when the population is not part of the formation of such a law then political freedom does not exist. According to Arendt, the presence of poverty further suppresses the possibility of political freedom. If individuals are forced to focus their efforts towards the fulfillment of biological n eeds such as food and shelter then they cannot possibly be political. Capitalism also prevents the existence of Arendts political freedom because capitalism is based on consumption. When the members of society are focused on obtaining goods and material possessions they become equally preoccupied as individuals engulfed in poverty. Capitalism creates greed and unnecessary needs and desires that inhibit political freedom. Political freedom requires an absence of as many social conditions as it does a presence of other conditions. Oliver bacon(the duchess and the jeweller) EssaySo it is understood that political freedom is a possibility in America. I have taken the understanding of de Tocqueville and Arendt and applied their principles and visions to formulate and understand where America is in the present and where America needs to head if political freedom is to become a reality. I understand that this vision, my own vision, is very rough and is vulnerable to much criticism, but it must be realized what potential exists in America. Arendt and Tocqueville have paved the road to political freedom; now it is up to the citizens to travel that road and obtain the freedom that founded our nation. Political Issues

Strategic Brand Management Final Notes Essay Example

Strategic Brand Management: Final Notes Essay Strategic Brand Management Final Study Guide Entire Book, but focus on Chpt 8-15 Reading: The Anatomy of Buzz- How to Create Word of Marketing- (Has taken significance due to 3 reasons: noise, information overload, skepticism-don’t believe message from companies and connectivity-internet). Takes a network approach. The importance of Buzz depends on the 1. Nature of your product (paperclips vs. movies) 2. The people that you’re trying to reach (younger people are more influenced by peers) 3. Your Customer’s connectivity 4. Your marketing strategy (if you have a contract, buzz is less important) 1. Buzz is an invisible network-You will never really see how buzz moves from person to person. You just need to understand that people need to communicate with one another, and figure out how to get them talking. 2. There are thousands of networks through which buzz flows-These networks are loosely connected with one another. Buzz can start one, but might not jump to another without a push. 3. In every network, there is a person who is the hub-Opinion Leaders(Regular Hub, Mega Hub-celebrity, press, Expert Hub, Social Hub)that person needs to be cultivated so he can spread the work about your product or service. Learn how to identify and engage this person. Reach the hub early! 4. A great product is essential- Contagious products- products that evoke an emotional response (blair witch), products that advertise themselves (wheeled luggage bags), products that leave traces, products that become more useful as more people use them (phones), products that are compatible, products that do the rest. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Brand Management: Final Notes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Brand Management: Final Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Brand Management: Final Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is no reason to spread buzz if the product isn’t compelling. 5. Networks must be seeded-Before word-of-mouth can take off, each network must be seeded with suggestion, maybe through first-time or free offer, put the product in their hands, reduce price barrier, listen for silence Rules of Networks- networks are invisible, people link with others like them, similar people form clusters, buzz spreads through common nodes, information gets trapped in clusters, network hubs and connectors create shortcuts, we talk to those around us, weak ties are surprisingly strong, the net nurtures weak ties, networks go across markets. Ads and Buzz can work together- be careful because the wrong kind of advertizing can kill buzz. Distribution and Buzz can work together- seed retailers, or create mystery Reading: Brand Asset Management (–In phases) 1. Develop a Brand Vision- a statement of overall goal for the brand, the target market, the POD, and financial goals, all of which involves senior management approval and that fills in a financial growth gap. 2. Determine Your Brand Picture-determine your brand’s image (association and persona), create your brand’s contract (promises the brand makes to the customer), craft a brand-based customer model (why do they chose one brand over another, how does your brand stack up, what are the opportunities for growth) 3. Develop a Brand Asset Development Strategy- positioning your brand for success, extending your brand, communicating your brand’s position, leveraging your brand to maximize channel influence, and pricing the brand at a premium. 4. Supporting a Brand Asset Management Culture- measuring the ROBI and establishing a brand-based culture Final Review- Building Customer-Based Brand Equity Tools and ObjectivesChoosing Brand Elements(Must be memorable, meaningful, favorable, transferable, adaptable andProtectable)Marketing ProgramsProduct-tangible/intangible BenefitsPrice-value perceptionDistribution Channel- Communications-Leverage Brand Association(company, country of origin,event, etc)| Knowledge EffectBrand AwarenessDepth-Recall and RecognitionBreadth- Purchase and ConsumptionBrand Associations (ex. ountry of Origin)Strong-relevant/consistentFavorable-Unique-POD, POP| 9 Brand OutcomesPossible outcomes are-Loyalty -Less vulnerable to competition and marketing crisis-Lower/Higher margins-Elastic/Inelastic Pricing Response-Increased marketing comm. Efficiency-Licensing Opportunities-Greater trade Cooperation-More Favorable Brand Extension Opportunities| Stages of Brand Development- Customer-Based Brand Equity Pyramid Customer-Based Brand Equity Pyramid-Branding Objectives at Each Stage Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity Define Brand-Product Matrix-Brand Extensions: establish new equity and enhance existing equity. Brand Portfolio: maximize coverage and minimize overlap Enhance Brand Equity Over Time- Brand Reinforcement, Brand Revitalization Establish Brand Equity over Market Segments- Identify Differences in Consumer Behavior, Adjust Branding Programs Brand Positioning (Why is it better, how it is different, the solution to the buyer’s problem, its unique selling proposition) The Process 1. Target Audience (be very focused to have more brand resonance)(D,B,P,G) and must be sizable, identifiable, accessible, responsive. . Competitive Frame of Reference (how do customers relate to you and others)-direct competitors indirect competitors, perceived competitors 3. Benefits-(rational- features-often with tech products/emotional-connection Apple IPod)-POD must be feasible, communicable, sustainable, relevant, distinctive, believable- is desired by target consumer, company can deliver on promise POP 4. Brand Values- abstract brand associations 5. Brand Personality-5 Factors sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, ruggedness 6. Brand Essence/Mantra- McDonalds: Food, Folks, Fun=Brand function, Descriptive, Emotional Brand Positioning Matrix: Mapping Differentiation- Relevance and Differentiation Positioning Statement For target audience, brand name is the product description that product payoff 1/Reason Why and product payoff 2/Reason Why. For the Asian or Asian American grocery store consumer, Ranch 99 is the Asian grocery store that has the largest selection of Asian food products and the lowest prices in the San Diego region. Guidelines for Building Brand Equity: 1. Mix and match brand elements 2. Ensure high quality by creating rich images and linking tangible and intangible brand elements 3. Adopt a value-based pricing strategy (customers pay a premium) 4. Consider direct/indirect distribution options (push/pull) 5. Mix up marketing communications 6. leverage secondary associations Why Brand Management Fails- failure to communicate meaning of brand, to live up to brand promise, adequately support brand, be patient, balance consistency and change, to understand the complexity of brand equity measurement and management. Highlights: Chpts 8-10 Brand Value Chain: To Trace the value creation process for brands to better understand the financial impact of the brand to better understand the financial impact of brand marketing expenditures and investments. Brand Value Stage MultipliersProgram QualityMarketplace ConditionsInvestor Sentiment (Clarity, Relevance, (Competitive Reaction, Channel Support(Market Dynamics, Growth potential Distinctiveness, Consistency)Customer Size and profile)risk profile, brand contribution) Brand Tracking Studies Brand Audits-Provide in-depth information and insights for long-term strategy and positioning development Tracking Studies-involve information collection from consumers on a routine basis over time. We should track: Awareness/image, sources that make brand equity, corporate family tracking. Brand Tracking Survey Format: Follow the Customer-Based Brand Equity Pyramid from bottom to top!! How: Who to track: Current customers (light, medium and heavy users) loyal customers vs. rice sensitive customers, non-customers rejecters, When and Where to track: continuous and regular interval tracking-frequency depends on frequency of product purchase. Interpreting tracking studies: shifts are often subtle, what are the minimum threshold numbers. Brand Context Measures: Your brand does not live in a vacuum. What’s happening in the environment (competitive frame of reference) will impact brands long-term value. Examine 8 factors: economic indicators, retail trends, t echnology, media indicators, demographic profile, other products and service, personal attitudes and values, attitudes to brands and shopping. Brand Equity-Who’s responsible? Senior management who develops a brand review process: review brand sensitive material, review status of brand initiatives, review new brand positioning conflicts, etc. Understanding Consumer Behavior: Why do people buy our brand? Or see other brands? See â€Å"Brand Asset Management Measuring Sources of Brand Equity: Qualitative Research Techniques: focus groups, free association, brand personality and values, Projective Techniques: (ex. Maxwell House vs. Nescafe example) (ex . Presidents and products) experiential methods. Quantitative Research Techniques: Awareness, recognition, recall, image, attitude and usage, product-concept, brand relationship. Quantitative Techniques: n 200, generally between 400-1000. Can test 2 things. Awareness- recognition of packing on shelf (eye tracking technique), recall-identify the brand under different circumstances (aided and unaided),( techniques: fake branding, false guesses etc. ) Image-(Strong, Favorable and Unique)- Forced choice, purchase intent, 3 measures of consumer beliefs. -Free choice (which attributes they prefer -Scaling (agree disagree scale 1-6) Ranking (how close is a brand associated with a attribute) Types of Brand-Focused Quantitative Studies Attitude and Usage Survey (AU)-measures attitudes toward brands, describes category involvement, how consumers use the products, track trends. Brand Segmentation Studies- Net Promoter Score-Promoters-Detractor=Net Promoters. Scale of 1-10, 9-10 promoters, 7-8 passives, 1-6 detractors, Asks â€Å"Would you re commend brand X? † Brand Loyalty Studies-Past purchase percentage mix/future purchase mix Brand Substitutability-What brand did you buy last time? , If not available, which brand would you buy? Track repeat rate. YR Brand Asset Valuator Model-Important!! Five Measures of Brand Equity (Pillars) 1. Differentiation-how a brand is different 2. Energy-ability to meet future consumer needs, attract new customers (momentum, dynamic) 3. Relevance-Brand’s appeal (size of franchise, not necessarily profitability) 4. Esteem-How a brand is regarded and respected 5. Knowledge-how familiar and intimate customers are with brand Developed in 1993 and updated in quarterly waves in the US. Its global, 400,000 consumers, 20,000 brands, 72 parameters. Assesses different categories simultaneously vs. one category. Brand Health Indicator- Brand strength: leading indicator future values, Brand Stature: lagging indicatorpast performance. High Brand Strength(Future Performance, Differentiation, Energy and Relevance)| Niche/Unrealized Potential/Growing| Power Leaders vs. Declining Leaders| Low Brand Strength (Future Performance, Differentiation, Energy and Relevance)| New or Unfocused Brands| Eroded| YR Brand Asset Valuation Model| Low Brand Stature (Current Performance Esteem and Knowledge)| High Brand Stature(Current Performance Esteem and Knowledge)| Introducing New Products and Line Extensions New Product Strategic Matrix Current Products| New Products| Current Markets| Market PenetrationStrategy| Product Development Strategy| New Markets| Market DevelopmentStrategy| DiversificationStrategy| Branding Options: 1. Develop a new brand 2. Apply an existing brand (Brand extension) 3. Combine a new brand with an existing brand (Levi’s Dockers) (Brand extension) Brand Extension: 1. Line extensi on 2. Category extension. Why Products Fails: market too small, product is poor match for the company, inadequate product research, entered too early or too late in the market, provided insufficient ROI, product not new or different, unrecognizable/limited capability. Advantages of Brand Extensions: 1. Facilitate New Product Acceptance 2. Provide Feedback Benefits to the Parent Brand Company Disadvantages of Brand Extensions: 1. Possible customer confusion 2. Retailer resistance 3. Can fail and hurt parent brand 4. Can Cannibalize parent brand,5. Can hurt image 6. Can dilute brand meaning Brand-Building Situations Chpt. 12 1. Managing a Corporate Brand, 2. Building a Sub-Brand, 3. Branding an Ingredient 4. Branding a Commodity (coffee, milk, a location ex. Juan Valdez) 5. Managing a Portfolio 6. Building a Corporate Brand 7. Managing a High Growth Brand. Brand-Product Portfolio Strategy Brand-Product Matrix: Brand Portfolio is the set of all brands and brand lines the firm sells in a particular category and the product line. Breadth Vs. Depth of the Product Line: Different lines vs. variants Breadth is how many lines Depth is the variances within Ex. Product from PG | Laundry Detergent| Other Product line| Brand 1| Tide| | Brand 2| Cheer| | Brand 3| Dreft†¦and so on| | Determine the Breadth of a Branding Strategy-Category Attractiveness: 1. Review aggregate market factors 2. Category/industry factors 3. Environmental factors. Reasons for Introducing Multiple Brands: 1. Any one brand is NOT viewed equally favorable by all market segments, increase shelf presense, to attract customers who might switch to another brand. Ex. Mother switches from Tide to Dreft. Special Roles of Brands in a Brand Portfolio: 1. Attack market segments not being served by other brands 2. Flanker to protect flagship brand (5 different brands of beer for Miller) 3. Cash Cow (Milk for Profit)-Funyons 4. Low to end entry level to attract new customers (100 series of BMW) 5. High end prestige product to enhance credibility of entire portfolio (Olay Microdermabrasion) 6. To increase internal competition within firm 7. To leverage economies of scale Ideal Brand Portfolio: Eight Categories of Brand Definition 1. Power -needs to be defended ex. Tide 2. Sleeper -with support, can grow into a power brand 3. Slider -has-been brand, needs attention! 4. Soldier -needs no management attention ex. Funyons 5. Black Hole -Resource suck, no payback 6. Rocket- quickly on its way to be a power brand 7. Wallflower- underappreciated brand with loyal customers (Payday candybars) 8. Discard- should have been tossed Brand Hierarchy: permits companies to focus their communication on key brand elements: Corporate Brand (top) (GM)Family Brand (Chevy)Individual Brand (El Camino) Modifier (SS) Importance Corporate Image Associations: When the brand is primary corporate (GE/HP/BP), then the corporate brand image has to reflect certain associations 1. Common Product attributes, benefits or attitudes 2. People and relationships 3. Values and Programs (CSR) 4. Corporate Credibility (expertise, trustworthiness, likeability) Designing a Brand Strategy: 3 options Corporate Dominant (16%)- corporate brands, house brands -Mixed Brands (52%)- ex. Kellogs corn flakes-dual brands, endorsed brands -Dominant Brand (32%)- mono brands, furtive brands (corporate identify undisclosed Global Marketing (Now a Prerequisite for Success) Why Go Global? 5 Reasons 1. Perception of slow growth and increased competition in domestic markets 2. Belief in enhanced oversees growth and opportunities (BRIC) 3. Desire to reduce costs from economies of scale 4. Need to diversify risk 5. Recognition of global mobility of customers Four Major Decisions to Make Before Going Global 1. Decide which markets to enter (India,EU? ) 2. Decide how to enter the market- (J. V, FDI, exports? ) 3. Decide on the marketing strategy (global or multinational? ) 4. Decide on the marketing organization (centralized or decentralized) Some Advantages of Going Global: lower marketing costs, consistency in brand image, power and scope, economies of scale, etc. Some Disadvantages of Going Global: differences in consumer needs/wants (Venezuela/Colombia), differences in consumer responses to marketing, differences in competitive scope, differences in legal environments, differences in marketing institutions, etc. Selecting Global Markets and Devising Market Entry Strategies Global Market Selection Criteria: economic environment, cultural environment, demographic environment, political/legal environment. 3 Global Market Entry Strategies (Important! ): 1. Export existing brands 2. Acquiring existing brands 3. Creating some form of brand alliance with another firm. Trade-Offs in Market Entry Strategy Strategy| Speed| Control| Investments| Geographic Extension(exporting existing brands)| slow| High| Medium| Brand Acquisition| fast| medium| high| Brand Alliance| Moderate| low| Low| Designing Global Marketing Programs: Standardized or customized? Leverage global PODs and Advantages Global Positioning Considerations: Create mental maps, define core brand values and identify POP, POD/ 10 Commandments of Global Branding: 1. Understand similarities and differences in the global branding landscape 2. Don’t take short-cuts in brand building 3. Establish marketing infrastructure 4. Embrace integrated marketing communications 5. Cultivate brand partnerships 6. Balance Standardization and Customization 7. Balance global and local control 8. Establish operable guidelines 9. Implement a global brand equity measurement system 10. Leverage brand elements Criteria to Develop Successful Global Brands and Viable Industries 3 Essential Criteria: 1. Global positioning and branding, 2. Technology that can be applied globally 3. Capabilities for local implementation Global Branding: Setting the Stage: Centralized: Power at HQ, strong creative theme. Conditions for success= education across the company, global appeal, global recognition of benefits, strong communication. Decentralized: Power in the field, positioning varies with markets, multiple creative directions, create different consumer messages. Conditions for success=strong marketing leader, excellent communication across markets, strong localization opportunities Issues/Learning From Working Internationally: 1. Limited competitive information 2. Quality and training of staff (improving) 3. Limited understanding of research, media and alternative marketing techniques 4. Speed to market 5. Listen to locals 6. Logical vs. emotional consumers

Drought affects Endangered Bid Species Essay

Drought affects Endangered Bid Species Essay Drought affects Endangered Bid Species Essay The story is similar along the Riverina with the Upper Goobarrangandra receiving 76mm in the last 24 hours, with a third of that falling since 9am yesterday. NSW’s northeast will receive the most rainfall today with Girralong, near Nambucca, having had 60mm since 9am yesterday. Barrington in the Hunter has had 58mm, while further south Mt Elliott had 54mm and Gosford 44m on the Central Coast. While the rain has been welcomed the weekend’s storms will not be enough to break the drought gripping 60 per cent of the state. The grim summation came from the NSW Farmers Association as WeatherWatch meteorologist Don White said the selective pattern of the storms also meant that while some drought-stricken properties enjoyed downpours of more than 60mm, others just a short drive away received nothing more than a shower to settle the dust. NSW Farmers Association northern regional manager Stuart Murdoch said that the rain would regrettably do â€Å"almost nothing† for most primary producers in NSW since most properties needed to have a deep soaking that lasted for days in order to restore soil moisture levels before cooler weather returned. â€Å"The northern half of the state has been very ordinary for a long, long time,† Mr Murdoch said. â€Å"People are talking about dams drying up that have never been dry before.† â€Å"We need four-plus inches - 100mm-plus - but it’s probably not going to happen.† WeatherWatch meteorologist Don White said the selective nature of the rainfall was a result of wet weather systems moving up from the south in precise bands carved out by the jet stream. â€Å"Places like Tullamore and Cobar, and some places out on the Darling had falls of 50-60mm, but either side of it there were only falls of

Compare and Contrast the poems Emily Dickinson because I could not Essay - 1

Compare and Contrast the poems Emily Dickinson because I could not stop for death and A.E Houseman immortal parts - Essay Example For instance, the analysis of death in both is examined from a solemn point of view. Dickinson uses symbolism and allegory to communicate the futility of life when death strikes (Holden and Birch 113). There is the use of humanism to make death animate especially as noted in the first stanza, second line. The persona depicts the powerful nature of death to pluck humanity from their comfortable environments to a state of oblivion. In other words, Dickinson’s use of allegory takes the form of being powerless in the presence of death. On the other hand, A.E Housman uses phonological sounds such as consonance, alliteration and assonance to reveal the permanency of death. In the first stanza, he uses the morning dream and night to dream to reveal the times of life that are affected by death. Additionally, in the superseding lines he uses say and day that are both consonance and assonance in the representation of the futility of life. There is also the use of symbolism in the third stanza when he explains about a tongue that speaks with lungs that shout. This is another revelation of how death is treated with respect and reverence in the lives of both personas in the poems. However, it is also noteworthy to observe the use of metonym in the poems to explain the internal and external repercussions of death. For example, in ‘The Immortal Part’ by A.E. Housman, he describes a brain that hums hive of dreams in the last line of the third stanza. This is a clear indication of the fundamental roles played by the brain for human judgment in life. Apparently, this is also manifested in Emily Dickinson’s poem where she talks about a death that did not acknowledge hurry in the first line, second stanza (Christensen 139). Another significant comparison is based on the use of personification and iambic pentameter to communicate the theme therein. For instance,

Asia Pacific Business Region Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Asia Pacific Business Region - Essay Example Bred on the ideology of liberalism, it was natural for Australians to take the lead to usher in the materialistic gospel of free trade in the Asia-Pacific region, where the prevalent socio-cultural-religious milieu militated against new ideas, and change. Change- with its flag of free trade- was anathema to the insular Oriental mind. Post World War II, in the aftermath of the years of depression, unemployment and public sector investments, notably in the nineties, Australia showed the correct path and continues to be the leader in ushering the doctrine of free trade and globalization.1 Dumping the protectionist foreign policy of yesteryears into the dustbin of history, Australia is today boldly forging ahead in the comity of nations with a commitment, bordering on a religious fervour, to open markets and globalization, which has underpinned its remarkable growth. Open markets have paid rich dividends and the Australians intend to reap the rewards of the whirlwind of globalization. The chief concern for Australia at this juncture of history is that multilateral trade and investment negotiations and globalization keeps apace in the APBR to provide market access for its burgeoning foreign trade linked economic growth. Australia's prosperity is inextricably linked to the well-being of regional players, big and small, underdeveloped and developing. Perceived obstacles to the Australian objective are the threat of Islamic terrorism, which can create widespread instability in the Asia-Pacific region, national rivalries, which breed insecurity, and to a lesser degree, the Sword of Democles that hangs over South Asia: the potent threat of a conflict between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan over the thorny, so far intractable issue of Kashmir. Islamic terrorism has already created a crisis situation in Indonesia. And, if nuclear-armed Pakistan and India ever go to war, the conflict has the potential to destroy world peace, which would stymie Australian opportunity of phenomenal growth in trade and investment that the relatively open Indian market of 1.2 billion people has thrown up. Defence spending has grown rapidly in East and South Asia over the past decade. When nations arm themselves, when the first shot will be fired is only a matter time. History is replete with such examples. The gains garnered over the years are eloquently summed up in a few revealing words in a document titled, "Benefits of trade" in the official website of the Australian Government's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade: Trade is essential to our way of life. Trade creates jobs, boosts incomes in our local communities and increases our standard of living No country can afford to close itself off from the world economy. As a country of 20 million people, we benefit from

Ethic Issues and Impact of People and Government for the Issue of Research Paper

Ethic Issues and Impact of People and Government for the Issue of Texaco and Petroequador - Research Paper Example It also left many open squander pits full of toxic slush that had carcinogenic chemicals such as chromium VI and benzene. For a frightfully long time, these holes have been leakage of toxin into waters in the ground, lands, and small rivers that people of the area have been using this water for domestic use, the people who carried the research said this area was â€Å"Amazon Chernobyl†. Scientific at experiment showed that, Texaco did not harm people or the land, but this was not true this was just trying to show that Texaco was not responsible for the harmful caused to the human beings and the land. A self-governing, court choose a specialist with the help of14 self-governing scientists to uncover the lies, the experiment showed that 60,000 substance case showed that it was enough confirmation by Jonson, the plaintiffs, and other affected with toxic prisoners to the inhabitant health. The effect was said to be of enormous money of Damages $27 billion. Texaco’s performa nce practices were usual for industry. Chevron’s activities in Ecuador destroyed industry mores and lawful norms by approximately in every possible measure. The draining of â€Å"water of configuration† is forbidden in the areas of oil-friendly state, in 1942. In 1939, Texas forbids open-air poisonous waste depths of any type Chevron constructed in Ecuador all through to 1970s and 1980s. The whole oil industry changed from the waste removal process Texaco which are used in Ecuador in the past years which was 1920s. The throwing away of poisonous â€Å"waste water† has massive harmful to human health. The U.S. administration associates hydrocarbon exposure to dangerous disease, which cost a, lot of money to be cured like the immune system impairment, cancer nervous system damage, and reproductive troubles. This are the home of many other diseases to human health one educational research shows that rates of cancer in regions that have Texaco taking place are 130% higher Ecuador’s standard, the court-selected professional in Ecuador, by means of residents and epidemiological sampling, to predict the infectivity in the area where Texaco take place during the production course of cancer death are more than 1,500. It is comprehensible from the specialist confirmation in the experiment that Texaco’s self explanation â€Å"remediation† this was not true it was just ornately choreographed deception. The court specialist showed no difference in the levels of infectivity between areas Texaco said to have remediated, also the places that are left which are not used. Five of their lawyers and four of the Ecuadorian administration servants who were there are to be prosecuted for not telling the truth about the remediation results. Ecuador assessment court had prejudiced not in favor of Chevron, because they have transferred court proceeding from U.S to Ecuador. Centralized court, Chevron provided frequent document showing that Ecuad or’s courts were as trustworthy and sufficient. Once the proofs were directed to Chevron’s responsibility, the corporation began say that the proceedings were not fair because they wanted to rule in the fever. Still Ecuador had afforded Chevron more owing process than any defendant in

Law Essays Modes Of Trial

Law Essays Modes Of Trial Modes Of Trial If you were being prosecuted for a criminal offence, which of the following modes of trial would you prefer: Trial by lay magistrates; Trial by professional judge alone; or Trial by judge and jury. When being prosecuted for a criminal offence, a large portion of the final outcome rests on what court tires the case due to the varying procedural and sentencing allowances attributed to each court. The Magistrates Court is classically more informal, probably a reflection of the fact that it deals with 95% of all criminal cases, while the Crown Court, having greater sentencing power, trying by Judge and/or jury, suffers a far more formal procedural policy. In order to adequately determine which mode of trial a defendant would be best to chose, an examination of criminal procedure in the courts of the UK should follow. It should also be noted that the choice is not always available or always clear-cut. A lot of factors, especially the nature of the crime effect, the choice to be made. It is often a question of weighing up what-ifs. All criminal cases concerning persons over the age of 18, therefore legal adults, start in the Magistrates Court, reached by either having a summons or complaint by laying of an information made against you, or following a charge at the police station. The Magistrates Court is made up of either 3 lay magistrates known as justices, or a full-time District Judge (only in criminal matters) who sits alone. The court, when in session by the magistrates, is assisted by a magistrates clerk, one function of which is to assist the lay magistrates by advising on areas of law, as a lay magistrate is only able to judge on fact, knowing no law. A District Judge is a properly qualified solicitor or barrister who sits either as a full time or part time District Judge at the magistrates court and is the tribunal of fact and law unlike the magistrates being ordinary members of the public (Murphy et al, 2005). The nature of the offence determines the court in which the case is heard and thereby the mode of trial and other aspects of criminal proceedings such as sentencing and remand (i.e. bail). There are three possible classifications of offences, summary offence, indictable offence and either-way offences, the last being capable of either a summary conviction or an indictable conviction. When a case is heard in the Magistrates Court, it is tried summarily and once a conviction is made, the conviction is a summary conviction, irrespective of whether or not the offence was an either-way offence. On the same note, when a case is heard in the Crown Court, the defendant is tried on indictment and convicted on indictment. With an indictable offence, the defendant initially appears in the magistrates court where the magistrates determine if based on the facts, they are justified in sending the defendant to the Crown Court under s.51 Crime and Disorder Act 1997. This decision is taken at the first hearing where the magistrates will also deal with the defendants remand status and whether funding needs to be arranged for the case (Sanders and Young, 2000). If the offence is a summary only offence, and the defendant pleads guilty, then the magistrates go on to sentence on the same day or a on later date. This renders the process very expedient. If the defendant pleads not guilty then the matter is adjourned to a later date and a pre-trial review occurs to determine the date at which the summary trial will occur. Pleading guilty may go against common intuition in such instances, yet it may stand in the defendants benefit. A repeat offender may realize that he will not have a possibility of getting an acquittal and to quickly obtain judgment by lay magistrates who can only impose limited sentences would hold benefits over a judge who effectively has no limits on sentencing bar the statutory maximum for the crime. Further, lay magistrates are more personable and may consider aspects of the case that under law would not be an issue, such as the socio-economic background of the defendant, the familial situation and further factors which woul d cause a person to potential veer off track. With a straight cut either-way offence, the Magistrates Court or the Crown Court could deal with the defendant. The decision as to which court to elect is often made by considering the plea before venue (s. 17A Magistrates Court Act 1980) and following, the mode of trial (Murphy et al, 2005). This all occurs at a rather early stage in the game, and often adjournment may be necessary to determine what kind of plea should be indicated. The defence will be awaiting Advance Information from the prosecution (Magistrates Court Advance Information Rules 1985), usually consisting of a summary of the case, charge sheet or summons, copies of witness statements, previous convictions and/or transcripts of the defendants interview under caution. Advance Information is supplied in the case of all either-way offences. It allows the defendant to know the case against them when considering their plea, as the plea will also dictate which court they are tried in and in effect what the maximum sentencing they receive will be. There is no obligation on the prosecution to serve Advance Information with a summary only offence yet, common practice dictates that they do so in order to prevent any possible impact that Article 6 of the Human Rights Act 1999 may have on the case (Sanders and Young, 2000). A mode of trial hearing is usually the most important part of the criminal proceeding for the defendant, bar of course the actual trial, as it has the greatest effect on which court the defendant will be tried in. The procedure for a mode of trial hearing is set out in s.19 of the Magistrates Court Act 1980. The court shall listen to both arguments from the prosecution and defence as to which court would be more suitable and would show particular regard to four qualifying factors. The nature of the case and whether the circumstances make the offence one of a serious character. Whether the punishment that the Magistrates Court could impose would be adequate for the offence committed and if there are any other circumstances which appear to the court to make it more suitable for the offence to be tried in one way as opposed to the other. This last factor remains rather vague and all encompassing and is supplemented by the National Mode of Trial Guidelines setting out to a more specific point what the court should consider. The guidelines consist of general observations and guidance specific to individual offences (Murphy et al, 2005). Overall, the guidelines recommend that a case should be tried summarily unless specific factors apply and the sentencing power of the Magistrates Court is insufficient. If the court opts at this point that a summary trial is more suitable, the defendant can elect to be tried summarily or by a jury yet is warned that if he is tried summarily and convicted, the defendant may be committed to the Crown Court if the magistrates believe he requires a sentence which is larger than the punishment they are permitted to inflict. If the defendant elects a trial by jury at the Crown Court a committal proceeding follows. An election for the Magistrates Court may be a wise choice dependent on the nature of the offence. The magistrates have lower sentencing powers than a jury who is only limited by statute as to the sentence imposed for a particular offence. Magistrates sentencing powers are reflected by the number and type of offences being tried for. One or more summary offences will result in a maximum of 6 months imprisonment. One either-way offence will generate a maximum of 6 months imprisonment as will one either-way offence plus one or more summary only offences. However, two or more either-way offences can result in a maximum of 12-months imprisonment (Hungerford-Welch, 2004). The limits on the power of a Magistrates Court are currently changing under s.154 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (proposed implementation 2005/2006). Under s.154 the Magistrates Court will have the power to impose sentences of no more than 51 weeks for any one either-way offence and no more than 65 for more than one either-way offence. The Home Secretary can amend these limits to a maximum of 18 months and 24 respectively (Murphy et al, 2005). If, at the mode of trial hearing in the Magistrates Court, the court decides the trial should be done on indictment, the defendant is sent to the Crown Court for trial, and there is no choice to be made over the mode of trial (Sanders and Young, 2000). If the defendant elects trial (at the mode of trial hearing) in the Crown Court, he will have to go through a committal proceeding as set out in s.6 of the Magistrates Court Act 1980. This can occur in one of two ways, committal with consideration of evidence (s.6(1) Magistrates Court Act 1980) where evidence against the defendant (written only) is considered and if insufficient the defendant is discharged. This however, does not equate to an acquittal and if new evidence comes to light, the defendant can be charged again. A committal without consideration of the evidence (s.6(2) Magistrates Court Act 1980) is the second option and most commonly used, where all written and oral evidence is considered. The first version is only really used when the defence is convinced there is no case to answer (Murphy et al, 2005). This is another consideration the defendant will keep in mind when deciding by whom to be tried as being let off via a committal proceeding would be beneficial but the po tential of a charge being brought again in light of new evidence is not. Finally, the court has one last method to send the defendant to the Crown Court even if charged with summary offences. Under s.41 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988, the magistrates have the limited power to commit the defendant to the Crown Court in respect of summary offences when the court is committing the defendant for trial for one or more offences triable either-way and he is also charged with a summary offence punishable with imprisonment and/or disqualification from driving and the summary offences arise out of circumstances which appear to the court to be the same as or connected with the circumstances of the (or one of the) offences triable either-way (Murphy et al, 2005). Examining the legal procedural system, it seems the case is not clear-cut as to which decision-maker should be chosen. Further examination of the nature of each body would often also be considered by the perpetrator. Conceptually trial by jury may be favourable. The theory stands that a jury will consist of people similar to the defendant, the peers of the defendant and therefore will be able to apply the norms expected of that social group to the judgment. Further, a judge is often seen as a parental figure imposing the law so stringently that he often loses sight of the human element. With 12 voices coming together and debating on common grounds, the defendant may stand a fairer chance of coming away from the situation free. However, it is not often the case that a jury will be 12 individual voices. Richard Dawkins elucidated this point rather elegantly with a comparison to herring gulls. In his field of animal behaviour, a study was conducted by Niko Tinbergen concerning the colour preference of a herring gull. At birth, herring gull chicks peck at a red point on the yellow beak of their parents, which causes the parent to regurgitate any foods consumed that day. Tinbergen was curious to deter mine if the gulls were born with a pre-disposed colour preference to cause them to react to their environment as they did or if the behaviour was a learned one. Regardless of the results of this particular study, Dawkins points out that the interesting facet, with consideration to the jury structure in the UK, was the observation that when all the chicks were placed together in a pen and left to a make a selection, the group would all chose the same colour. The statistical possibility of 12 individuals making the same selection out of a choice of two is one out of 1024 (Dawkins, 1997). In the same respect, a jury of 12, when left to deliberate together, can all be swayed to follow the group decision which could effectively be made by one person. Someone who is strong enough to make a decision in a group with such vocality that it leads, will often be severely opinionated on an aspect of the case. This may cause the defendant to be futility swimming through a trial with little chance of fairness being applied. The best scenario of course would be to segregate all 12 jurors into separate decision-making chambers and collate the choices made by all 12 but perhaps unintelligent jurors or those who merely do not care will be granted too much power. A judge on the other hand has been educated in the law and is more or less free by holding virtual total discretion. The judge can pass any judgment he sees fit to pass limited only by statutory constraints imposed by the offence (and of course the desire to keep his job, much like the political restraints felt by parliament and their apparent sovereignty). The judge will have a standard against which to measure the case at hand built up through years of experience on the bench. The judge will be able to read a trial and to be aware of small details which would illuminate innocence or guilt which a jury would potentially miss in their naÃÆ'Â ¯vetÃÆ'Â ©. If a defendant were innocent then a trial by judge would be the most desirable mode of trial. Especially with a case in which the offence was rather serious. The law is so formulated that a man is innocent until he is proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt. A judge knows this and may stick more rigorously to the letter of the law t han a jury would who could easily be swayed by prosecution gimmicks such as photos of the crime or statistics of the crime in their neighbourhood. If a defendant, however, were to be guilty of a crime then the choice of a trail by judge and jury may stand in favour of the defendant as the emotional ability of the jury could work in his favour. Ultimately, the defendants personal preference will be a consequence largely on the crime and whether or not it was committed by him, i.e. innocence versus guilt. A judge alone would be a desirable choice for the innocent offenders while a jury would be best for a guilty offender. If the option were available for a trial by lay magistrates, this would be ideal due to their restricted sentencing ability and the assurance that at worst a fine and a maximum 12-month retention would be the result (subject to the new legislation being not yet being implemented). References: Broadbridge, S. (2002). The Criminal Justice Bill: Juries and Mode of Trial, Bill 8 of 2002-03. House of Commons Library, London. Dawkins, Richard (1997). Three herring gull chickthe reason juries dont work. The Observer 1997, London. Hoyle, C. and Young, R. (2003) Restorative Justice and Punishment in S. McConville (ed.) The Use of Punishment, Willan Publishing, Devon. Hungerford-Welch, P. (2004) Criminal Litigation and Sentencing (6th Edition). Cavendish Publishing, London. Murphy, P., Murphy, E. and Stockdale, E. (2005) Blackstones Criminal Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Sanders, A. and Young, R. (2000) Criminal Justice (Second edition). London: Butterworths Young, R. and Sanders, A. (2002) From Suspect to Trial in The Oxford Handbook of Criminology 3rd ed. (eds M Maguire, R Morgan and R Reiner), Oxford: OUP, pp. 1034-1075

foolear The Very Foolish King in William Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

The Very Foolish King Lear Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear is a detailed description of the consequences of one man's decisions. This fictitious man is Lear, King of England, whose decisions greatly alter his life and the lives of those around him. As Lear bears the status of King, he is a man of great power, but blindly he surrenders all of this power to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him. This untimely surrender of his throne sets off a chain reaction of events that sends him through a hellish journey. King Lear is a metaphorical description of one man's journey through hell in order to appease his mistake. As the play opens, one can almost immediately see that Lear begins to make mistakes that will eventually result in his downfall. The very first words that he speaks in the play are: Give me the map there. Know that we have divided In three our kingdom; and 'tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age, Conferring them on younger strengths while we Unburdened crawl toward death.(Act I, Sc i, Ln 37-41) This gives the reader the first indication of Lear's intent to relinquish his throne. He is growing old and wants to "shake all cares and business" from his age. In a since he wants to retire from a job that you cannot retire from. He has no son to hand his throne down to, so he must give it to his daughters. He offers his daughters pieces of his kingdom a form of reward to his test of love. Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love, Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn, And here are to be answered. Tell me, my daughters (Since now we will divest us both of rule, Interest of territory, cares of state), Which of you shall we say doth love us most? That we our largest bounty may extend Where nature doth with merit challenge." (Act I, Sc i, Ln 46-53) This is the first and most significant of the many mistakes that he commits in this play. By relinquishing his throne to fuel his ego, he disrupts the great chain of being, which states that the King must not challenge the position that the gods have given him. This undermining the gods' authority results in chaos that tears apart Lear's world, leaving him, in the end, with nothing. Following this, Lear begins to banish those around him that genuinely care for him; he cannot seem to realize who loves him

Outline of Marijuanna

Outline for Persuasive Paper I. Thesis: Marijuana is a very prominent and controversial issue in society today. a. Preview statement: Legalizing marijuana has been successful in other countries and once our government understands and believes in the use of marijuana it will destroy the black market in the US. II. There are many pros of legalizing the use of marijuana. b. Health i. Marijuana is one of the most beneficial and therapeutically active substances known to man. ii. â€Å"Medical Marijuana for pain and Depression. † Disabled World . Disabled-World. Com, 1 1 2008. Web. 6 Feb 2013. . c. Economy iii. If pot was to be legalized the US could be savings up to $2 billion to $10 billion of tax payer money on law enforcement. â€Å"If drugs like marijuana became decriminalized, the prison industry would lose a large chunk of its business. † iv. Benson, Johnathan. â€Å"Hundreds of Economists Agree Marijuana Legalization Could Save U. S Taxpayers $13. 7 Billion Per Year . † Nation of Change. NationofChange. com, 22 4 2012. Web. 26 Feb 2013. . III. Many people can come up with cons of legalizing marijuana. d. Stepping Stones v. Keeping marijuana illegal makes it that much more difficult for someone to get addicted to it and be tempted to try out other, stronger drugs. vi. Gupta, Sourabh. â€Å"Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana. † Buzzle. Buzzle. com, 10 2 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2013. . e. Increase in Consumption vii. one of the greatest worries that comes with the legalization of

Your First Steps to Making a Career Change

Your First Steps to Making a Career Change A career change is a big and oftentimes overwhelming undertaking. You’re hoping to enter an unknown world, maybe even one wildly different from the professional life you’ve known so far.  Alyssa Gelbard, founder and president of Resume Strategists Inc., offers some tips on how to tackle the challenges that come with switching industries. ResearchWhile you might speak the language of your current field, a new career comes with a whole new set of terminology and practices. You’ll learn the ins and outs as soon as you get a job, but before you do, do your research so you sound well-informed and feel confident when you go out on interviews.Learn how to sell yourselfThere’s a reason you’re taking this new career leap–you feel ready and qualified to work in a new field. Make a list of reasons why you want to make the change and why your specific skills are ideal for such a change. The more you discover exactly how your strengths align with a pote ntial new job, the better you can speak to them in cover letters and interviews.Network†¦ and then network some moreIf you’re shy about networking, start small–get the word out by mentioning your hopes of a career change when among friends or family. You’re not necessarily looking for someone to hand you a job; networking is about making connections and you never know if someone in your circle might be connected to another person who can give you advice and help.Taking the leap into a new career is brave and exciting. Approach your journey with confidence, even when you’re nervous–if you are determined and willing to put in the work, opportunities are sure to arise.

Free Essays on Simple As Black And White

Term Project Research log The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America B Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki â€Å"Television ads now show many Blacks and eschew stereotypes. However, hidden patterns of differentiation and distance emerge on close analysis. Not surprisingly, for instance, Blacks do not touch Whites in the ads, but (unlike Whites) they rarely even touch each other,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"blacks appear in more commercials, but only for less-expensive products). Using nuanced measurements and arguments,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  The main point in my paper is how the media manupulate our attitude about racial issues. How we view our own race identity and look at other races. This litte part in the book couht my attentnion If indeed this is a legit observation,What is does something like this convey to the audience? Black is Beautiful? The Creation of Black Womanhood Representation and Stereotyping Throughout American history, images of black women have been controlled by three main stereotypes that of the mammy, the tragic mulatta and the jezebel or whore. Blacks And Whites in Magazine Advertisements. George M. Zinkhan, Keith K. Cox, and Jae W. Hong Examines if any change has occurred in portraying black models in magazine ads since Tis article examines if any change has occurred in portraying black models in magazine ads since the 1950’s. The study also suggests that differences, while tending to decrease, still exist in the ways the blacks and whites are portrayed in the magazine ads. A Portrait of an Emerging Subculture. Current Issues and Research in Advertising Helena Czepiec and J. Steven Kelly I found this really intresting to read. The article examines how Hispanics are portrayed in advertising through analysis of two components. Characteristics of the models and values expressed in the ads about the character. It was kind of funny how the ads targeted at the Hispanic audience presented a... Free Essays on Simple As Black And White Free Essays on Simple As Black And White Term Project Research log The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America B Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki â€Å"Television ads now show many Blacks and eschew stereotypes. However, hidden patterns of differentiation and distance emerge on close analysis. Not surprisingly, for instance, Blacks do not touch Whites in the ads, but (unlike Whites) they rarely even touch each other,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"blacks appear in more commercials, but only for less-expensive products). Using nuanced measurements and arguments,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  The main point in my paper is how the media manupulate our attitude about racial issues. How we view our own race identity and look at other races. This litte part in the book couht my attentnion If indeed this is a legit observation,What is does something like this convey to the audience? Black is Beautiful? The Creation of Black Womanhood Representation and Stereotyping Throughout American history, images of black women have been controlled by three main stereotypes that of the mammy, the tragic mulatta and the jezebel or whore. Blacks And Whites in Magazine Advertisements. George M. Zinkhan, Keith K. Cox, and Jae W. Hong Examines if any change has occurred in portraying black models in magazine ads since Tis article examines if any change has occurred in portraying black models in magazine ads since the 1950’s. The study also suggests that differences, while tending to decrease, still exist in the ways the blacks and whites are portrayed in the magazine ads. A Portrait of an Emerging Subculture. Current Issues and Research in Advertising Helena Czepiec and J. Steven Kelly I found this really intresting to read. The article examines how Hispanics are portrayed in advertising through analysis of two components. Characteristics of the models and values expressed in the ads about the character. It was kind of funny how the ads targeted at the Hispanic audience presented a...

Hundred Years War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hundred Years War - Essay Example and Henry VI2. In the Hundred Years' War France and Spain were allied and supported the Scottish cause of independence from the English crown. England was allied with Portugal and Burgundy and controlled large sections of Aquitaine and northern France"3. The Hundred Years' War was initiated by the King Philip VI of France in 1337 when he stabbed to impound the territories of England which were situated in the southwestern France. The war was ended in 1453 with the victory of France that resulted in expelling of English from the continent. During the war many new weapons and war tactics were used by the French and English army. The historians consider the Hundred Years' War as the most significant conflict of the medieval warfare that further defined the history of both England and France. "The war was consisted of a series of set backs and victories for each side as well as a multitude of shifting alliances between the major and minor powers of Europe in the region"4. "The significance of the Hundred Years' War is the rise of nationalism it engendered, compared to earlier medieval conflicts"5. The English military secured victories in several battles fought during the war but at times they were also defeated by France. "The war laid waste to much of France and caused enormous suffering; it virtually destroyed the feudal nobility and thereby brought about a new social order. By ending England's status as a power on the continent, it led the English to expand their reach and power at sea"6. The English defeat in Hundred Years' War possesses several important aspects and reasons behind it which are going to be discussed after the background, causes and other information about the war. About Hundred Years' War The background for Hundred Years' War was stated preparing 400 years as a result of conflicts occurring between the English and French King. "The conflicts arise because the King of England being a vassal of French King, rules the territory of France more than the King of France himself"7. The French attempted to resolve the problem in three decisive wars including the conquest of Normandy in 1214, The Saintonge War in 1242 and the War of Saint-Sardos in 1324. These wars resulted in the end of English hold on the continent. The conflicts between the two countries grew along with time. "One of the major conflicting issues between England and France was regarding the duchy of Aquitaine which was located in Southwestern France"8. In 1259, the Treaty of Paris designated that Henry III held the duchy as a fief of the French king Charles IV, King of France who will pay liege homage to the king but the situation become complicated with the death of Charles IV, King of France in 1328 without a male heir. Edward III, the King of England claimed that he has a right to take the thorn as his mother was the sister of King Charles. In 1337, the war was started when Edward III raided into French territory and became the King of France. This action of King Edward III initiated the series of war which spread over a century. There were many battles fought during the war period including the Battle of Crecy and Battle of Poitiers which were

Illegal immigrants receiving social services, for example, food Essay

Illegal immigrants receiving social services, for example, food stamps, welfare, and medical care - Essay Example Most these people come from the South America and Southeast Asia. Majority of these undocumented immigrants head to California, Texas and Florida. The large number of immigrants, whether legal or illegal significantly impacts the economical state of the country. The Federation for American Immigration Reform estimates about $45 billion worth of expenses for providing social services, education, roads, prisons and other services to these unauthorized immigrants (Glicken, p.375). In contrast, studies that focus on illegal immigrants such as a paper published by the American Immigration Law Foundation indicate that unauthorized immigrants does not use public services as much as the legal immigrants (Wepman, p.339). The paper specifically states that a 1987 study as an example that just 2% of illegal Mexican immigrants received welfare and just 3% accepted food stamps (Wepman, p.339). This suggests that unauthorized immigrants are not significantly impacting the social welfare system of the United States. One of the major concerns relating to undocumented immigrants is their use of the social welfare system. Because these illegal immigrants come to the United States without resources or employment, they use the services and public support provided by the United States. ... ill humans and they have the right to live, thus, the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 was provisioned to restrict them from any grants and retirement, welfare, health, disability, food assistance and unemployment benefits but still receive emergency medical services. Undocumented immigrants have clearly impacted the economical and social state of the country. Conservatives believe that these people drain the social welfare as they go about using the legal taxpayers’ money for their social needs, such as medical and food assistance. On the other side of the fence, opposing views believe these people do not so much take a part of the social welfare system as the legal citizens and immigrants do. Because undocumented immigrants know and understand that they are unauthorized immigrants, they do not come forth claiming benefits for fear of being identified, thus risking deportation. That is also the main reason these people are underpaid, overworked and unfairly treated in labor, housin g and education. It is important to understand that illegal immigrants do not actually have the same federal rights as the legal immigrants. Thus, they have a lower chance of using the social welfare system to cover their needs. Yes, they impact the social welfare system in terms of medical services but it doesn’t mean they aim to spend billions of dollars claiming medical benefits. What is important for them is to live and not to die. That’s actually the main reason they come to the hospital, even if they know they are undocumented immigrants, and not to extort money from the state. Yes, there are some groups calling for increased benefits for the illegal immigrants but the state is still in control of who they provide the services for and who they restrict. That’s the reason for the

Racialization of immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Racialization of immigration - Essay Example However, some sections seem more exaggerated, for instance, Jews’ hard work and education, which enabled them to assume the middle class or equal the whites. This is because the whites were constantly against any ethnic group, which seemed to equal them. Therefore, I disagree with her regarding lighter or mild segregation on some ethnic groups, for instance, the Jews. Immigrants belonged to a low class compared to whites where in attaining the same status, the few nonwhites (Jews) had to undergo a meticulous whiteness process. Therefore, this entailed first the then regime to put a sharp wedge between the Black Americans and Jews (Rothenberg 42). In addition, the Natives also ensured that the Jews adopted and emulated ideals that would differentiate them with other nonwhites. For illustration, masculine ideal besides working hard to secure a higher economic stability that was higher than that of African Americans, hence assume the middle class. This was via education, though segregation still acted as a blocking barrier against them (Hund 123). American’s segregation despite the nonwhites belonging to the same group of the darks, the then incumbent regime classified people according to their ethnics (Rothenberg 46). The African Americans assumed the lowest class in the society whereas the Jews and some Black elites the middle class. This also was evident in the division of labor where the blacks earned living via manual jobs besides being the recipient exploitation (Roediger 234). The white mainstream’s agenda was to acquire and maintain cheap labor especially in their well-established corporations and institutions (Hund 109). Consequently, this ensured division of labor and classes where the native whites would continue to enjoy top privileges contrary to the low classes (Rothenberg 47). Additionally, it was also a plan to deny nonwhites the chance of venturing into politics where they

Planning function of management for Boeing Essay Example for Free

Planning function of management for Boeing Essay The purpose of this paper is to explain the planning functions of management for the organization known as Boeing. Boeing is an aerospace company; they build passenger airplanes, military aircraft, satellites, and missiles. Boeings planning functions of management is influenced by internal and external factors. These factors such as the economy and competition directly influence the strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. Boeing is the largest manufacturer of satellites, commercial jetliners, and military aircraft in the world. The company is also a global market leader in missile defense, human space flight, and launch services. Chicago-based Boeing has an extensive global reach with customers in 145 countries. Boeing operates under the strictest principles of corporate governance. With 152,091 employees, Boeing posted 2004 revenues of $52.45 Billion.(FCSR, 2008)The state of the economy is a huge external factor of how the Boeing organization operates both, strategically and tactically. In 2001, the economy was hit hard and along with many other companys Boeing was suffering financially. Boeing was saved when they were offered a contract with U.S. Air force worth $49.2 billion (Advantage Business Media, 2007). Boeing also teamed up with Saudi Arabia Airlines in 1995 (Boeing, 2001). Boeings competition is another external factor that influences the organization both tactically and strategically. The company known as Airbus is Boeings biggest competition. Airbus is the leading manufacturer of commercial jets (Yahoo, 2008). Recently Boeing has been having internal issues affecting their assembly line and has cause a shortage in production which in turn has been affecting deadlines. With Boeing experiencing problems clients have been turning to Airbus to fulfill their needs. Lockheed Martin is Boeings biggest competition in defense systems (Yahoo, 2008).Currently; Boeing and Lockheed Martin are working together on some projects to help meet the high demand. The government is another factor that influences how the organization operates. Regulations affect the amount of output that Boeing can manufacture. When Boeing designs a new plane, before Boeing can test fly them they must first obtain a certificate issued by the U.S. Government; The  U.S. Government has designed this system of requirements to insure that each new plane is safe before the plane is flown. There are many safety requirements that must be met before the plane is approved to be flown; these requirements are enforced by U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. These requirements affect the production of Boeings airplanes by causing a delay before the aircraft can be cleared for use. The planning function of management is affected by several legal issues. In 2005, a lawsuit was filed against Boeing. The lawsuit, filed in federal court in Kansas, alleges that Ducommuns Gardena plant made more than 1,900 defective parts used on at least 32 of Boeings airplanes, including 737s, 747s, 757s and 767s. The planes were delivered to the U.S. Air Force and Navy, as well as foreign military forces in Japan and Italy between March 1998 and November 2004. (Pae, 2005)The three employees who filed the lawsuit, were members of a Boeing audit team, contend that the parts did not conform to Federal Aviation Administration requirements. Boeing was aware of the problem but continued to sell the airplanes, falsely claiming that they were FAA approved, according to the lawsuit. The suit alleges that Ducommun kept two sets of books for manufacturing parts fake books for Boeing and the FAA and real books for itself. (Pae, 2005) Boeing is a company that is respected for cooperate social responsibility. Boeing has joined the Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility, and is now entitled to display The Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibilitys Gold Seal of Approval as a Socially Responsible Company. (FCSR, 2008) The Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility encourages corporations to be Socially Responsible, and to assist them in achieving commercial success in ways that respect ethical values, people in need, their communities and the environment. (FCSR, 2008)Boeing has a very strict code of ethics policy that is in place to protect both the corporations interest and the interest of its employees. Boeing employees are required to obey all aspects of the code of ethics set forth by the company. The code of ethics adopted complies with the standards set forth in the New York Stock Exchanges corporate governance rules. The Boeing Company will administer ethics and compliance programs to promote i ts commitment to integrity and values as set forth in the Boeing values and Code of Conduct and to ensure compliance with laws,  rules, and regulations. These programs will inform employees of company policies and procedures regarding ethical business conduct and help them to resolve questions and to report suspected violations. Managers are responsible for supporting implementation of ethics and business conduct programs, and monitoring compliance to the companys values and ethical business conduct guidelines through such programs. Managers are responsible for creating an open and honest environment in which employees feel comfortable in bringing issues forward. Retaliation against employees who raise genuine concerns will not be tolerated. (Boeing, 2008)All employees must sign and abide by the Boeing Code of Conduct, which requires that they understand the code, and ask questions, seek guidance, report suspected violations, and express concerns regarding compliance with this policy and the related procedures. (Boeing, 2008) To support the requirement for complete and accurate financial records and reporting, all employees of the Finance organization have an additional Code of Conduct for Finance. (Boeing, 2008)In Conclusion, There are several issues that can impact outcomes for management planning for the Boeing Company such as legal issues, ethical issues, and social responsibility, Along with factors can influence the companies planning operations both strategically, and tactically. The examples of these factors given in this paper are the economy, the government, and Boeings competitors such as Airbus. Even though Boeing has had its ups and downs from production problems to several legal issues Boeing has remained a globally known leader in their industry, respected for their cooperate social responsibility and known for their strong code of ethics. References Boeing. (2008). Ethics. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/aboutus/ethics/Boeing. (2008, February). Retrieved September 14, 2008, from Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility: http://www.fcsr.plPae, p. (May, 2005). Boeing sued by three workers. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/28/business/fi-ducommun28Vandore, E. (2008, January 17). Airbus, Boeing Swamped by Orders. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from San Francisco Chronicle: http://www.sfgate.comYahoo. (2008, March). The Boeing Company Profile. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from Yahoo: http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/10/10221.html

Family Health Assessment Case Study

Family Health Assessment Case Study Rubina Malik Family health assessment is important to learn about the individual’s family and life style. Being a nurse it is important for me to know various dynamics of individual’s behavior and values and his family heritage to form a better care plan for the family to maintain better health. Family health assessment gives caregivers a clear picture of an individual’s measures for his family wellbeing. The tool used for the family health assessment is Gordon’s Health Pattern Assessment. The health patterns assessment was designed by Marjory Gordon in 1987 and is used to provide a comprehensive nursing database. In this paper 11 aspects of human functions and health are discussed. The family selected for the interview is Riyami family, an African American family. The family consists of 5 members, Mr. Mrs. Riyami and their 3 sons. Mr. Riyami is 63 years old and is suffering with hypertension; Mrs. Riyami is 55 years old and is diabetic. Their sons do not have any hea lth issues and are of age 25, 20 and 19 years respectively. Questions were asked from the family to know the impact of each health pattern on their way of living a healthier life. Health perception and health management is based on individual’s personal health beliefs for health maintenance and protection (Koshar). Health is not only the absence of any sickness but it is more of a mental, physical and social wellbeing. The health perception of Riyami family is based on eating healthy as they believe that only physical fit body can stay safe from minor and major health issues. As Mr. Mrs. Riyami take their medication regularly and are very conscious about their health. They follow their health heritage norms to cure any minor illness i.e. use of herbal treatment and home remedies. Every person in their family takes herbal treatment for any common illness for example flu, headache, stomach gastric issues etc. they prefer visiting the physician for routine checkups and in case of any serious emergency. Their elder son drinks alcohol and smoke cigarette in social gatherings. They perform their religious obligations with full devotion. Nutrition and metabolism assessment mainly focus on the nutrition consumption according to the metabolic requirements of the body (Koshar). Nutrition consumption is very well balanced among the family members and intake of fluids to keep body hydrated is considered important for the family members. They consumption of fruits and vegetables is higher and prefer taking small quantity of sugar, sodium and carbohydrates in their diet. Herbal tea is taken in routine by the family. The family makes sure to take an appropriate amount of calories and also try to eat their traditional cuisine and less fast food items. Sleep and rest patterns are assessed to know the relaxation and rest practice of the individuals (Koshar). Mr. Riyami works in the morning shift and tries to be in bed around 10pm. As Mrs. Riyami is a registered nurse and works night shift, she takes adequate sleep in the day time and prefers to take more rest on her days off from work. Their sons prefer taking nap after they get back home from school and prefer not staying up late during their school. Whereas the elder one prefers sleeping early as he is a full time worker and has to work morning shift. Every member in their family takes approximate sleep according to their routine. Elimination is stated as the excretory pattern (Koshar). From the assessment no one in family seems to have issue with their excretory pattern. The family does not have any complain regarding their bowl movement or urination. Activity and Exercise is referred to the daily activities that involve energy, activities related to self-care, leisure activities and exercise/workouts (Koshar). Mr. Riyami was a soccer player and a soccer couch but he stopped practicing sports from 20 years, now he enjoys watching soccer game in his leisure time. Mrs. Riyami due to her busy schedule is not involved in any activity or exercise but she know the importance of having these activities to remain healthy. Mr. Mrs. Riyami go for a walk of 30-45 minutes daily. Their sons play soccer and believe that it gives them a good workout and fun altogether. Cognitive and sensory assessment is to assess the individual’s ability to understand and response towards any information and to sense that information appropriately. This assessment is done to know about the cognitive ability and capacity of the individuals (Koshar). Mr. and Mrs. Riyami are well educated; Mrs. Riyami just completed her RN-BSN degree with good grades and hence finds no problem in assessing or responding to any information. No cognitive disability was found in their family. Self-perception assessment focuses on person’s behavior and attitude toward self, which includes confidence, their identity and their physique (Koshar). The Riyami family does not have or face any issues regarding self esteem. They are happy and content with their lifestyle and believe that they are blessed by God and are loved by everyone around. Mr. Mrs. Riyami give the same teaching to their children and pray for them to be confident enough and not face any issue of self-worth. Role and Relationship pattern assess the individual’s relationship with others and the role they play in this world. Riyami family has a strong faith and family bond (Koshar). Mr. Mrs. Riyami share all the love and care and teach the same to their children. Mr. and Mrs. Riyami like to meet people and enjoy the company of their family and friends. They have a respectable status among their loved ones. Sexuality pattern assessment focuses on individual’s level of satisfaction of dissatisfaction of their sexuality and reproduction patterns (Koshar). Mr. Mrs. Riyami are satisfied with their sexual life. They share intimate moments and believe that love is what had made their relationship bond strong. They make sure they spend enough time together out of their busy routine. Coping and stress tolerance assessment is done to know individual’s strength to cope up with the stress and strategies used by him/her to overcome that stress (Koshar). Mr. Mrs. Riyami believe that all happiness and sorrow , worry and stress comes in life and to overcome that situation they only support and strength is given to an individual by the God. They share and communicate with one another in case any problem occurs and try to overcome the situation by mutual understanding and corporation. They pray to God at times of crisis and happiness. Their family, friends and prayers are part of their support system. The two nursing wellness diagnosis assessed from interviewing Riyami family are; nutritional-metabolic pattern and coping-stress tolerance pattern. Mr. Mrs. Riyami take their medications in time but sometimes due to work load and stress they skip their meal or do not take enough food as the body requirement. In case of Mrs. Riyami specially as she is diabetic and has to keep check on food and nutrition while she is at work, it becomes a difficult part for her. Mr. Riyami being hypertensive have to make sure that he avoid take any stress but often work load or any uncertain happening give him stress that makes him feel low. Their kids being young and enthusiastic do not have any health issue but they often become ignorant about their nutrition which is a point of worry for their parents as they don’t want their kids to face health issues like hypertension diabetes or any related medical problem. The Gordon’s health pattern assessment had been a great help for me while assessing the family. It truly is a great tool for nurses to analyze and assess their clients and families. I was able to learn about the family from different health perspectives which gave me a good experience of assessing different health patterns and their impact on a family’s health and functions. Reference Koshar, J. (n.d.). Gordons Functional Health Patterns. Retrieved from http://www.sonoma.edu/users/k/koshar/n340/N345_Gordon_FHP.html