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The Best Political Philosophy is Marxism

Presentation Governance is a difficult issue all through the world. This is for the most part since individuals originate from various societies. In addition, the changing societies present various practices in them. Hence, they have alternate points of view about legislative issues. Political way of thinking investigates connects among social orders and people. It attempts to guarantee that everybody is fulfilled through acceptable administration in society.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on The Best Political Philosophy is Marxism explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, accomplishing great administration is the most troublesome test throughout everyday life. This is on the grounds that it envelops various factors. Society needs are numerous and assorted; it accordingly requires basic reasoning and considerations so as to succeed. This paper will investigate different political hypotheses, their similitudes and contrasts. It will li kewise single out the best political way of thinking. Political Theories Over the years, diverse political speculations have been proposed. These incorporate communism, progressivism, conservatism and rebellion, among others. These speculations attempt to characterize connection among social orders and people. In this sense, the hypotheses think about opportunity, its cutoff points, discourse and activity. Political hypotheses consider circumstances when governments can act against their residents and the other way around. Generally, it envelops people’s lives and administration. In such manner, a few rationalists and scholars have thought of fluctuating political speculations planned for accomplishing great administration. These are Plato, Marx, Hobbes and Locke, among others. Their hypotheses have various likenesses despite the fact that they wander in numerous zones. Obviously, they picked these hypotheses with the end goal of achieving an ideal society and administration. Nonetheless, note that these contemplations have drawn various reactions. This is ascribed to decent variety and individual needs, which differs. Plato was a Greek scholar who is credited with western way of thinking. He is additionally credited with science in western world. Plato lived somewhere in the range of 428 and 358 BC. His works were unmistakable in his period. They remembered ways of thinking for repetitive topics, transcendentalism, among others. His political hypothesis depended on meritocracy. Meritocracy depended on the way that an individual couldn't give alone, he/she needed to join help of others. In this sense, Plato accepted that great administration must be accomplished through metocracy. Besides, he battled for paternalistic hypothesis. As indicated by Plato, a ruler ought to oversee individuals and this ruler ought to be the sharpest of all. He accepted that two stages could be used to discover this individual (ruler).Advertising Looking for research project on reasoning? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The initial step includes all inclusive instruction, where everybody is exposed to some type of training, which levels out their regular preferences. After which, tests can be given to decide the most intelligent. Plato additionally accepted that brilliant individuals could get more astute through hard investigation and knowledge. He in this way suggested this individual ought to become ruler or legislative head of society. The representative is to direct society esteems, and rule on among different issues right/off-base and option to pick great guardians. Moreover, the senator ought not be permitted to possess property, wed or homestead. In addition, he accepted that an individual could administer independent of race or sex. Hobbes Thomas Hobbes was an English scholar. He lived somewhere in the range of 1588 and 1679. He was well known for political way of thinking, which is credi ted for western way of thinking in legislative issues. He put stock in implicit understanding hypothesis, which underlined the requirement for individuals to surrender their privileges and take into consideration governments. Basically, he had confidence in outright sway. He likewise put stock in some type of radicalism. As indicated by him, human instinct caused him/her to be narrow minded. In this way, they required a legislature that could shield them from others. He in this manner had faith in government for security of individuals. Notwithstanding, he had faith in a law based government that would guarantee great administration. Hobbes accepted that society would surrender for all intents and purposes everything to move out of condition of nature. Besides, he accepted that all administrations are acceptable. Hobbes likewise accepted that great laws help individuals while terrible laws hurt them. He likewise imagined that a world without government would be hindering to society as everybody would then do as the individual picks. Generally, he accepted that human instinct couldn't permit them to lead themselves because of narrow-mindedness. Accordingly, he picked government as the best choice since it made request in the public eye. Locke John Locke was an English Philosopher. He lived somewhere in the range of 1632 and 1704. He was notable for radicalism musings, which gave him the acclaimed name, father of Liberalism. Like Hobbes, Locke likewise had communist agreement sees though with certain alterations. He had confidence in human instinct and thought of them as narrow minded. Be that as it may, his conviction on narrow minded nature of man was not absolute.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Best Political Philosophy is Marxism explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a direct result of his liberal reasoning which put stock in a discerning man. As indicated by Locke, individuals had the ability of livin g without government. He imagined that levelheaded individuals had moral rules that could empower them to oversee themselves. He likewise accepted that moral standards could instruct individuals. He additionally veered from Hobbes musings on implicit understanding by saying that understandings had limits. Basically, residents would not quit any pretense of everything; there are things they hold to whatever occurs. He in this way underlined existence without an administration implied a condition of nature. He additionally accepted that residents and government resembled different sides with request. In such manner, the administration could get things done against residents if their requests were not met. So also, residents could likewise act against government to request their requirements. Despite the fact that Plato put stock in best government, Locke didn't. Marx Karl Marx was a German logician. He lived somewhere in the range of 1818 and 1883. He was likewise a financial analyst, history specialist, humanist and writer. He is credited for communist upset and had a huge job in sociology. A portion of his outstanding works were in socialist pronouncement and capital. His hypotheses were referred to altogether as Marxism. In such manner, he held that social orders would just advance through clash of class battle. He was unequivocally restricted to free enterprise. Marx additionally accepted that financial frameworks were inclined to conflicts than communism. As indicated by him, implosion of free enterprise was unavoidable and individuals would return to communism. He scrutinized speculative way of thinking just as assessing belief system and power. He put stock in human instinct yet focused on that it could be changed through history and cooperation with others and material articles. He accepted that free enterprise depended on two standards specifically laws of gracefully and request just as endurance for the fittest. He ordered social classes in free enterp rise. As indicated by him, social class was depended on the connection among class and their methods for creation. In this sense, working class sold work power for compensations and hence didn't possess methods for creation. He likewise brought up that Bourgeoisie claimed the methods for creation and in this way abused low class. In addition, little owners were known as Peti Bourgeoisie.Advertising Searching for research paper on reasoning? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The individuals who had no stake in financial frameworks were considered as Lumpenproletariat. Landowners were viewed as significant rather than workers. He in this manner recognized phases of improvement in particular, crude socialism, servitude, feudalism, private enterprise, communism and socialism. Similitudes These speculations have various likenesses. These remember conviction for human instinct as is seen with Hobbes, Locke and Marx. In this sense, the three scholars have faith in human instinct. It is likewise critical to take note of that these gathering of scholars additionally put stock in the way that individuals are egotistical. Another purpose of union in these philosophical musings was on government. They all agreed that some type of government was important independent of the strategy. It would then be able to be said that they believed in a general public, which is represented yet with various structures of administration. Another component of simultaneousness in the se speculations is on insurance of individuals and property. Each type of administration proposed by the scholars was planned for securing individuals and their property. Contrasts Political way of thinking speculations have contrasts dependent on their structures and scholars. For example, as much as the three scholars Hobbes, Locke and Marx put stock in human instinct, they contrasted on its impact. While Hobbes had faith in human instinct, he additionally demanded that they are egotistical and this conduct couldn't permit them to administer one another. Then again, Locke accepts that as much as human are childish, they likewise groups sane perspectives, which empowers them to note wrong things. Plato then again didn't have faith in human instinct, rather, he underscored on metocracy. In addition, despite the fact that Marx had faith in human instinct, he focused on additional on the way that they could be changed through cooperation with material articles. These political specula tions additionally varied on the type of government. For example, Marx gave phases of advancement in a general public which transverses from crude socialism, through free enterprise to socialism. Then again, Plato accepted on a ruler or senator with all forces to direct social qualities, right/wrong, among others. Contrariwise, Hobbes trusted in a flat out sove

Mary Whiton Calkins Influence on Psychology

Mary Whiton Calkins' Influence on Psychology History and Biographies Print Mary Whiton Calkins Influence on Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 30, 2019 Duane Dial/Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Mary Whiton Calkins was an American psychologist who became the first female president of the American Psychological Association. While she rightfully earned a doctorate degree in psychology from Harvard, the university refused to award her a degree because she was a woman. In spite of this, she became an influential figure in the development of early psychology and taught many students through her position at Wellesley College.?? Best Known Work Self-psychologyInventing paired-associate techniqueFirst woman APA President Timeline of Events Born on March 30, 1863 in Hartford, Connecticut1884 - Graduated from Smith College1887 - Began teaching Greek at Wellesley College1890 - Began attending lectures at Harvard taught by William James and Josiah Royce1892 - Admitted to Harvard as a guest1895 - Presented thesis to Harvard faculty, but was denied a degree1927 - Retired from Wellesley CollegeDied on February 26, 1930 of cancer Early Years Mary Whiton Calkins began Smith College in 1882 as a sophomore. The 1883 death of her sister led to a year-long break from school, although she continued to study through private lessons. Calkins returned to Smith College in 1884 and graduated with a concentration in classics and philosophy. Calkins Pursuit of Psychology After graduating from Smith College, Mary Whiton Calkins was hired to teach Greek at Wellesley College. She had been teaching for three years when she was offered a position teaching in the new area of psychology.?? In order to teach in psychology, she needed to study the subject for at least one year. The difficulty with this was that there were few psychology programs available at the time, and even fewer that would accept women applicants. She initially considered studying abroad but abandoned that idea. Distance and lack of a psychology lab dissuaded her from attending programs at Yale and the University of Michigan. After being invited by William James to attend some of his lectures at Harvard, Calkins formally requested that she be allowed to sit in on these lectures. She was initially refused by the administration of Harvard, but both her father and the president of Wellesley College wrote to Harvard on her behalf.?? The request was approved in 1890, although university records noted that by accepting this privilege Miss Calkins does not become a student of the University entitled to registration (Furumoto, 1980). While at Harvard, she attended lectures given by William James and Josiah Royce and studied experimental psychology with Dr. Edmund Sanford of Clark University. Still interested in pursuing her psychology studies, Calkins again requested that she be allowed to study at Harvard with Hugo Munsterberg. Her request was granted in 1892, but with the provision that she was admitted only as a guest, not as a student.?? Career At Harvard, Calkins invented the paired-associate task which involved showing study participants a series of paired colors and numerals, then testing recollections of which number had been paired with which color. The technique was used to study memory and was later published by Edward B. Titchener, who claimed credit for its development.?? In 1895, she presented her thesis, An experimental research on the association of ideas, to a graduate committee that included William James, Josiah Royce, and Hugo Munsterberg. Despite unanimous approval from the thesis committee, Harvard still refused to grant Calkins the degree she had earned.?? Later that same year, Calkins returned to Wellesley College where she continued to teach until her retirement in 1927. Calkins Contributions to Psychology Over the course of her career, Calkins wrote over a hundred professional papers of topics in psychology and philosophy. In addition to being the first woman president of the American Psychological Association, Calkins also served as president of the American Philosophical Association in 1918.?? Among her major contributions to psychology are the invention of the paired association technique and her work in self-psychology. Calkins believed that the conscious self was the primary focus of psychology. Despite Mary Whiton Calkins contributions, Harvard maintains its refusal to grant the degree she earned and her influence on psychology is often overlooked by both scholars and students. Selected Works Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1892). Experimental Psychology at Wellesley College. American Journal of Psychology, 5, 464-271. Calkins, Mary Whiton (1908a). Psychology as Science of Self. I: Is the Self Body or Has It Body? Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, 5, 12-20. Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1915). The Self in Scientific Psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 26, 495-524. Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1930). Autobiography of Mary Whiton Calkins. In C. Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 1, pp. 31-62). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.

Comparing Descartes and Peirces Opinions On Knowledge Essay

Knowledge according to Merriam- Webster’s dictionary is â€Å"acts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education.† Rene Descartes saw knowledge being attained through deductive logic and would disagree with this definition. Charles Peirce’s pragmatic approach on the other hand is the reason we have that definition. Rene Descartes believed that by ridding himself of all prejudice prejudgments and doubting everything including his senses, body, and all his previous experiences based on a mathematical approach was how humans can know about the natural world. Rather than going out into the world to find knowledge, Descartes wants us to think and go deeper within ourselves. He states, â€Å"It is only once we have†¦show more content†¦He used what is already known and from that information formed a hypothesis. Peirce, unlike Descartes is not searching for an absolute theoretical truth, because he has given up the idea of absolute truth. He understood knowledge as coming from experience. To know is to grasp independent reality through the senses or by experience. Peirce would like us to make the distinction between a principle that cant be doubted and one that isnt doubted. Whereas Descartes wants us to go deeper within ourselves, rather than in the world; Peirce wrote, â€Å"That the mi nd of man is strongly adapted to the comprehension of the world, and that there is a total harmony between man and world. Descartes shows that no â€Å"sense experience†, independent concept, or arbitrary judgment can furnish knowledge other than that which is â€Å"clearly and indubitably perceived† by the mind. (Fourth Meditation) Descartes expands on this when he tells us we exist with a mind though we may still be in error of our judgments. From this, Descartes formed the deductive â€Å"cogito,† â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† Testing the cogito by means of methodic doubt is supposed to reveal its unshakable certainty. Descartes believed the existence of our bodies are subject to doubt, however, the existence of our thinking is not. First person formulation is essential to the certainty of this cogito.

Social Worker Practice And Social Work - 1780 Words

Social worker practice involves the application of values, techniques, and practices is involved in helping people, communities, groups, with a family or individual setting. Social work practices require the incorporation of theories and perspectives that have been successful in helping people. Social workers use theories and perspective in every form of their services. Social workers are required to assess their clients and needs provided services that fit the current problem. The assignment provides students to discuss theories and perspective they are currently using and how specific theories can be incorporated into future social work practice. At the beginning of the course during the self-awareness and professionalism assessment the empowerment and advocacy theory was chosen as being important in my current social work profession. According to Payne (2010), Empowerment and advocacy are social democratic practice enabling people to overcome barriers in achieving their life objectives to gain access to services and to improve services, contributing to practice a focus on social injustices†. A social worker s role to assist with self-empowerment and allow the client make their own decisions Working as a Foster Care social worker my job duties entitle long hours of empowerment and advocacy. The main role of the social worker is to write a case plan and encourage our clients to complete their case plan. Parents who have not successful worked any components ofShow MoreRelatedThe Social Workers Ethical Accountability1185 Words   |  5 PagesThere is an increasing necessity for social workers to increase their understa nding of the skills and knowledge required to undertake the client’s challenges that are referred to them (Munro, 2004, p. 1076). 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Social workers work with conflicting interests and competing rights to support, protect and empower people, statutory duties and other obligations that may be coercive and restrict people’s freedoms. Social work is an interrelated system of values, theory and practice. PRACTICE Social work practice addresses the barriers, inequities and injustices that exist in society. It responds to crises and emergencies as well as to everyday personal and social problems. TheyRead MoreThe Topic Of Evidence Based Practice1109 Words   |  5 Pagesbased practice (EBP) in Social Work. This paper will discuss the definition of EBP, why EBP is used in Social Work, the positive and negative sides of EBP, and finally an example of EBP being used within an agency setting. The information gathered is coming from three separate scholarly journal articles, a podcast episode, and the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics (NASW Code). 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Power and Ambition Free Essays

William Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’, is the story of a usurping General, Lord Macbeth, and his wife Lady Macbeth who are driven to murder their king in pursuit of the throne and power. The tragedy has multiple reoccurring themes and motifs, of which Shakespeare uses many aesthetic features to effectively develop and enhance. One such theme is Masculinity vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Power and Ambition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Femininity which resounds throughout the entirety of the play and is a central focus point during many events. Shakespeare uses imagery, symbolism and metaphor very effectively during the course of the play to augment and pinpoint important developments and changes to the characters and their states of masculinity and femininity. At the time that Shakespeare wrote his plays the values and attitudes were vastly different to those of modern society. Women were considered the fairer sex while men were considered the dominant sex. Similar essay: If I Become A Collector Essay In Macbeth, this view is approached with the idea that masculinity carried with it the ability to kill and commit sin while femininity in its ideal was softer, gentler and comprised of virtue. Shakespeare demonstrates this ideal very early in the play when, in Act 1, Scene 5, Lady Macbeth calls out, â€Å"Come you spirits that tend on human thoughts! Unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top full of direst cruelty. † This happens directly after receiving notice from her husband that the witches’ prophecy had come true and that the king was to be joining them in their castle. At this point in the play she is asking the spirits to take away her femininity, a literal unsexing, and fill her with a ‘direst cruelty’ that she, as a woman, did not already possess so that she could have the ability to kill her king. This idea of femininity causing an inability to kill, indeed needing to become masculine to be able to commit the crime demonstrates Shakespeare’s ideal of women being pure while men have evil in their very being. The use of this imagery and figurative language, ‘direst cruelty’ and ‘unsex me now’, in this scene underlines this ideal and highlights Shakespeare’s view on femininity and masculinity. Another aspect of Shakespeare’s portrayal of women as incapable of sin relates directly to the view of women at the time the play was written. The medieval view of women, in that they were weaker, less intelligent and meant for menial work and child rearing; and the subsequent opposite view of males, being that they were the money earners, the soldiers, and thus full of courage and honour is very easily seen through Shakespeare’s language throughout Macbeth. In Act 4 Scene 3, Macduff says, ‘O! I could play the woman with mine eyes’ after being informed that his children and his wife had just been murdered in the home that he had run from. By implying that weeping is a womanly attribute and saying that he as a man should not do it, it again highlights the idea that women were weaker and softer in their femininity then men were in their masculinity. This weakness and its symbolized lack of physical strength, shows again, Shakespeare’s view of women as the weaker sex and their subsequent inability to commit murder or other atrocious acts. Yet another instance of Shakespeare’s obvious separation of femininity from sin is in the scene where Lady Macbeth is convincing Lord Macbeth to kill King Duncan. Lady Macbeth cows Lord Macbeth by asking him â€Å"With thou esteem’st the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own self-esteem, letting ‘I dare not’ wait upon ‘I would’, like the poor cat I’ the adage? † This line and its subsequent imagery of a cat wanting the fish but afraid of the water shows that Shakespeare believes that to be a man is to go after his true desires regardless of the consequences. At this point in time, Lady Macbeth has been unsexed and is using her new found masculinity to manipulate and force Lord Macbeth into fulfilling her own desires, something that she was not capable of when she was a woman. This is a doubled example of masculinity’s ingrained sin; Lady Macbeth is manipulating Lord Macbeth by questioning his manhood and as a result to prove his virility and strength he will commit murder. By proving his masculinity in this way, through murder and evil, it shows that Shakespeare believed men to be the only ones capable of sin. Throughout Macbeth, the theme of Masculinity vs. Femininity is developed and expanded upon using imagery and symbolism. Shakespeare manipulates language conventions to demonstrate the idea of the feminine sex being incapable of murder and sin while men and their subsequent masculinity is the root of such evil acts. At the time that Shakespeare wrote his plays the values and attitudes were vastly different to those of modern society and as such his ideals and views reflect these medieval interpretations of women being the weaker sex while men were dominant. From Lady Macbeth’s plea to be unsexed, to Macduff’s implication of crying being a weak response of women and then to Lady Macbeth’s manipulation of her husband after being filled with the ‘direst cruelty’ of masculinity, Shakespeare’s language shows his view on Masculinity vs. Femininity. Through his imagery and symbolism, his opinion that women are incapable of evil in their feminine state becomes very clear and Macbeth becomes almost a warning to the fairer sex; do not lose your femininity and thus your purity. How to cite Power and Ambition, Essay examples

What is Critical Thinking free essay sample

Steven Bradley Student University of Phoenix Since critical thinking begins with assumptions we must first be aware of the assumption, then make the assumption and finally assess it. Critical thinking is how a person assesses the reasons for or against a decision being made so the assumption is neither good nor bad until fully assessed. Critical thinking is also done by being completely unbiased. This can be hard sometimes due to our emotions. Our emotions make up who we are which can sometimes cause barriers when making a critical decision. So the trick is to not ignore or deny our emotions but learn how to manage and handle them. In order to manage our emotions we may need to argue with ourselves or others whether or not something is true or not. An argument will allow the issue to be assessed along with the reasons of why or why not a decision is valid. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Critical Thinking? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The argument will also lead to one or more conclusions in determining what the final decision should be. The ultimate objective in thinking critically is to come to conclusions that are correct and to make decisions that are wise. Critical thinking (10th ed. ) (Moore Parker). So to me critical thinking is not ill formed decisions but decisions that have been thought through and weighed to come up with the best conclusion. It usually isn’t our first thought that comes to mind. You have to critically think about the conclusions you are trying to come to without being biased in the process, which as I said can be difficult because we all have emotions. Citations Critical thinking (10th ed. ) (Moore Parker) Pg. 4

Biography of Brian Cox, Physicist

Biography of Brian Cox, Physicist Physics has had a number of figures who have not only advanced scientists understanding of the universe but also pushed forward a greater understanding of complex scientific questions among the general population. Think of Albert Einstein, Richard Feynman, and Stephen Hawking, all of whom stood out from among the crowd of stereotypical physicists to present physics to the world in their distinctive styles and found an audience of non-scientists for whom their presentations strongly resonated. Though not yet as accomplished as these iconic physicists, British particle physicist Brian Cox certainly fits the profile of the celebrity scientist. He rose to prominence first as a member of British rock bands in the early 1990s before ultimately transitioning to work as an experimental physicist, exploring the cutting edge of particle physics. Though well-respected among physicists, it is his work as an advocate for science communication and education in which he really stands out from the crowd. He is a popular figure in British (and worldwide) media discussing matters of scientific importance, not only in the realm of physics but also more broadly on subjects of public policy and embracing secular principles of rationality. General Information Birthdate: March 3, 1968 Nationality: English Spouse: Gia Milinovich Music Career Brian Cox was a member of the rock band Dare in 1989 until the band split up in 1992. In 1993, he joined the UK rock band D:Ream, which had a number of hits, including the number one Things Can Only Get Better, which went on to be used as a political election anthem in England. D:Ream disbanded in 1997, at which point Cox (who had been studying physics all along and earned his Ph.D.) went on to practicing physics full time. Physics Work Brian Cox received his doctorate in physics from the University of Manchester, completing his thesis in 1998. In 2005, he was awarded a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. He splits his time between work at the University of Manchester and at the CERN facility in Geneva, Switzerland, home of the Large Hadron Collider. Coxs work is on both the ATLAS experiment  and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. Popularizing Science Brian Cox has not only performed extensive research, but has also worked hard to help popularize science to lay audiences, especially through repeated appearances on the BBC programs such as The Big Bang Machine. In 2014, Brian Cox hosted a BBC Two 5-part television miniseries,  The Human Universe, which explored humanitys place in the universe by exploring the history of our growth as a species and also tackling existential questions such as Why are we here? and What is our future? He also released a book, called  The Human Universe  (co-authored with Andrew Cohen), in 2014. Two of his speeches are available as TED lectures, where he explains the physics being performed (or not being performed) at the Large Hadron Collider. He has co-authored the following books with fellow British physicist Jeff Forshaw: Why Does Emc2 (And Why Do We Care?) (2009)The Quantum Universe (And Why Anything That Can Happen, Does) (2011) He is also a co-host of the popular BBC radio program Infinite Monkey Cage, which is released worldwide as a podcast. In this program, Brian Cox joins with British actor Robin Ince and other guests of renown (and sometimes scientific expertise) to discuss subjects of scientific interest with a comedic twist. Awards and Recognition International Fellow of The Explorers Club, 2002Lord Kelvin prize from the British Association (for his work popularizing science), 2006Institute of Physics Kelvin Prize, 2010Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), 2010Institute of Physics Presidents medal, 2012Royal Societys Michael Faraday Prize, 2012 In addition to the above awards, Brian Cox has been recognized with a variety of honorary degrees.

Single Variable Equations on SAT Math Complete Strategies

Single Variable Equations on SAT Math Complete Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In a way, single variable equations are some of the most common and least common types of questions on the SAT math section. Why? Because it’s rare to find more than one or two single variable equations per test, and yet knowing how to solve and manipulate single variable equations is a basic requirement for solving most all SAT math questions. Even though you won’t often see single variable equations by themselves, it is crucial that you know how to set up, use, and manipulate them. You cannot solve the more complex expressions like quadratics, multiple variables, and so on, without first understanding single variable equations. This guide will be your complete walk-through of single variable equations for the SATwhat they are, how you’ll see them on the test, and how to set up and solve them. Once you get the hang of single variable equations, you can go on to solve more and more complex problems. What Are Single Variable Equations? A single variable equation is comprised of two parts: the (lone) variable and the equation. So let’s look at what those are and how to put them together. A variable is a symbolic placeholder for a number we do not yet know. Often, you’ll see x or y used as a variable in math problems, but variables can be represented by any symbol or letter. $$4t=20$$ In this case, t is our variable. It represents a number that is currently unknown. An equation sets two (or more) mathematical expressions equal to one another. To show that the expressions are equal, we use an equals sign (=). Each side of the expression can be as simple as a single integer or as complex as an expression with multiple variables, exponents, or anything else. $$15(a+b^3)−(a−3)^12=22$$ The above is an example of an equation. Each side of the expression equals the other. So if we put together our definitions, we know that: A single variable equation is an equation in which there is only one variable. The variable can be used multiple times and/or used on either side of the equation as long as the variable remains the same. Some examples of single variable equations: $${4(a−3)}/a=2(a^8)$$ $$a+7−(a+3)=4$$ $$6a+a−3=a+21$$ You’ll notice that some of the equations used the variable, a, multiple times. Other equations used the variable on either side of the equals sign. No matter how many times the variable is used, all of these are still single variable problems because the variable remains constant and there are no other variables. Once you find your variable, you can solve the whole puzzle. Typical Single Variable Equations on the SAT Single variable equations will fall into two broad categories on the SATgiven equations and word problems. Word problems are by far the more common and you should expect to see one or two per test. Given equations, when they appear, will usually fall between problems 1-4 on any given math section. Let’s look at each type. Given Equations A given equation will provide you with the equation you need to use to solve the problem. We will go through the exact processes needed to solve this kind of problem in the next section, but for now just understand that your goal is to isolate your variable. (We will walk through how to solve this question later in the guide) In this problem, you are being asked to find the isolated variable as your final answer. But do be sure to note that this is not always the case. Sometimes the question will ask you to solve for y alone (or x or any other variable), and sometimes the question will ask you to solve for y to a different term (2y or 12y, etc.). Always pay close attention to exactly what the question is asking you to find. You need to first isolate your variable to solve the problem, but always double-check whether you should stop there or if you need to continue on, in order to find your final answer. Word Problems A word problem will describe a situation and ask you to find a missing variable. You must write your own equation based on the information you are given in the question. Again, your final answer may be the value of your variable (x or y, etc.) or your variable taken to a different term ($2x$, $y^2$, etc.). (We will walk through how to solve this question later in the guide) How to Manipulate a Single Variable Equation In order to solve a single variable equation, we must isolate our variable on one side of the equation. And the way we do this is by shifting everything else to the other side of the equals sign. In order to shift our terms (expressions), we must cancel them out on their original side. This means we have to set the non-variablesto zero when using addition/multiplication, and set the variable to 1 when using division/multiplication. (Why do we set it to 1 when using division/multiplication? Because we use multiplication and division to isolate our variable. But setting it to 1, we give ourselves just the one variable to work with.) The way we cancel out our terms is by performing the opposite function of each term. Opposite function pairs are: Addition and subtraction Multiplication and division For example, if we have a term on one side that has a minus sign (subtraction), we must add that same amount from both sides. $x−4=6$ $x−4+4=6+4$ $x=10$ If we have a term that is being multiplied, we must divide that same amount from both sides. $4x=20$ ${4x}/4={20}/4$ $x=5$ And so on. Whatever you do on one side of the equation, you must do on the other. This cancels out like terms and essentially moves your terms from one side of the equation to the other. Manipulating equations isall about balance. Steps to Solving a Single Variable Problem Let us take a typical variable expression and break it into the steps needed to solve it. $14−2x+2+6x=64.$ Find ${1/2}x.$ #1: Combine like terms If there is more than one term with a same variable, we must combine them in order to ultimately isolate that variable. We can add or subtract terms with a same variable in the same way we can any other numbers. $14−2x+2+6x=64$ Here we have a $−2x$ and a $6x$ (notice how we had to keep the signs in front of the numbers intact). Now we add them together. $−2x+6x=4x$ We also have multiple numbers without variables on the left side of our equation. We must combine these as well, as they are also like terms. $14+2=16$ So now, when we put the pieces together, our equation looks like this: $16+4x=64$ #2: Isolate the term with your variable Once we have combined our variables, we must isolate the variable term. If the term is simply the variable itself (e.g. $x$), then we can skip this step. But since our term here is $6x$, we must isolate the whole term first. $16+4x=64$ We have a positive 16 here that we want to get rid of in order to isolate our $4x$. This means we must subtract 16 from both sides of our equation. Why? Because we have a positive 16, which means that it is addition. And subtraction is the opposite of addition. We must also subtract 16 from either side to cancel out the 16 on the first expression (make it zero) so that we can isolate our variable. $16−16+4x=64−16$ $4x=48$ #3: Isolate your variable Now that we’ve isolated our term ($4x$), we can further isolate the variable. Again, we perform an opposite function of the term. In this case, we have $4x$, which uses multiplication. In order to isolate the variable, we must therefore use division (the opposite of multiplication) by dividing by 4 on both sides. This will set our x equal to one and thus isolate it. $4x=48$ ${4x}/4={48}/4$ $x=12$ #4: Double-check your variable by plugging it back in Now that we’ve solved for our variable, let us check to make sure it is correct by plugging it back into the original equation. $x=12$ $14−2x+2+6x=64$ $14−2(12)+2+6(12)=64$ $14−24+2+72=64$ $−10+74=64$ $64=64$ Success! We have correctly isolated the variable and found its value. #5: And, finally, double-check to make sure you are answering the right question. Ah-ha! We can’t stop here. Our initial question asked for the value of $1/2x$, not just x by itself. If we had stopped here at $x=12$, we would have gotten the final answer wrong. Now, we end the problem by saying: ${1/2}x=(1/2)12=6$ So our final answer is 6. Always be sure to double-check both that your variable is correct and that you are answering the exact question the test is asking you to answer. Now let’s try it again with our given equation problem from earlier. We have ${1/3}y+9=0$ and we must isolate our variable in order to ultimately find the value of y Step 1, combine like terms: There are no like terms to combine, so we can skip step 1. Step 2, isolate the variable term: $1/3y+9=0$ $1/3y+9−9=0−9$ $1/3y=−9$ Step 3, isolate the variable: $1/3y=−9$ $3*1/3y=−9$ $y=−27$ Step 4, double-check answer: $1/3y+9=0$ $(1/3*−27)+9=0$ $−9+9=0$ $0=0$ Step 5, double-check if answering the right question: The initial question wanted us to find y, and that is exactly what we found. We can confidently say that we are finished. Success! Our final answer is A, -27. Ready to put your single variable equation knowledge to the test? Test Your Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. Answers:700, B, A, C Answer Explanations: 1. This problem is one to be cautious of because you'll note that your final answer is NOT your variable. Why? Because we are asked to find the total amount of money each person made during the week and yet our variable is the amount of sales they made. So let's walk through the problem and set up our equation. We are told that both Tom and Alison made the same amount of money in a certain week, which means that this is an equation problem (their earnings are set equal to one another). We also know they had the exact same number of sales and that this number is yet unknown. This is our single variable. Let us call it x. Tom made 300 dollars plus 20% of his sales. We can set up his half of the equation like so: $300+0.2x$ (For more on percentages and why we can set up 20% of x as $0.2x$, check out our guide to SAT fractions and ratios.) Alison made 200 dollars plus 25% of her sales. So we can set up her half of the equation thusly: $200+0.25x$ Now, let us set the two sides equal to one another and solve for our variable. $300+0.2x=200+0.25x$ First, let us combine our like terms by moving them to opposite sides of the equation: $300−200=0.25x−0.2x$ $100=0.05x$ Now, let's isolate our variable: $100/0.05={0.05x}/0.05$ $2000=x$ This means that they each sold 2000 dollars worth of product. But wait! We can't stop here. The question asked us to find their weekly compensation, NOT their weekly sales. We must plug 2000 back into one of the original equations in place of x to find our final answer. Let's take Tom's weekly earnings again: $300+0.2x$ $300+0.2(2000)$ $300+400$ 700 So both Tom and Alison (remember, they made the same amount) earned 700 dollars that week. Our final answer is 700. (Note: you can also double-check your answer with Alison's original equation as well: $200+0.25x$ $200+0.25(2000)$ $200+500$ 700 Either way, the answer is 700) 2. We are told that a triangle has a perimeter of 13 and one side length of 3. The other two sides are equal. That means we would set up an equation that would look like this: $3+2x=13$ The left side of the equation is the sum of all the triangle’s sides. x is substituting for our unknown side lengths. And we have multiplied our x by 2 because the two unknown side lengths are equal. Now, we solve. $3+2x=13$ Subtract 3 from both sides $3−3+2x=13−3$ $2x=10$ Isolate our variable ${2x}/2=10/2$ $x=5$ So each of the other side lengths must be equal to 5. Let’s plug the answer back in to make sure this is correct. $3+5+5=13$ $13=13$ Success! And we are being asked for the length of each side, so we know that our variable answer is the final solution. Our final answer is B, 5. 3. We are being asked to find the number of sandwiches that Ali made, so let’s make our unknown variable a for Ali. This means that Ali made a number of sandwiches. We are told that Ben made three times as many sandwiches as Ali, which means that Ben made $3a$ sandwiches. Now Carla made twice as many sandwiches as Ben. We will still say that all the sandwiches made are in terms of a number of sandwiches, so Carla made $2*3a=6a$ sandwiches. And we also know that the total number of sandwiches was 20. So now, when we put it all together, we get: $a+3a+6a=20$ Combine our like terms and we get: $10a=20$ Isolate our variable. ${10a}/10={20}/10$ $a=2$ Now let’s double-check to make sure that is correct. If Ali makes 2 sandwiches, and Ben makes three times as many, he will have made 6 sandwiches. If Carla makes twice as many as Ben, she’ll have made 12 sandwiches. $2+6+12=20$ 20=20 Success! We have correctly isolated our variable. Since we said that a was the number of sandwiches that Ali made, this means: Our final answer is A, Ali made 2 sandwiches. 4. We are given the problem: "$10+x$ is 5 more than 10." The "is" in the question sets the terms equal, so when we translate this statement, we get: $10+x=15$ Now, let’s isolate our variable. $10−10+x=15−10$ $x=5$ Now let’s double-check by plugging our x back into the original equation. $10+x$ is 5 more than 10. $10+5=15$ is 5 more than 10. Success, we have isolated our variable. But wait! The final question wants us to find the value of 2x, not just x. $x=5$ $2(5)=10$ So our final answer is C, $2x=10$ Whoo! You conquered those single variable equations! The Take Aways Single variations make up the backbone of many other SAT problems. By knowing how to manipulate these kinds of expressions, you’ll be able to build on these techniques to solve much more complex problems and equations. Just remember to always perform the same act to each side of the equation and save isolating your variable for last, and you’ll be conquering single variable equations left and right. Now you’ve got the building blocks for understanding how to go forth and take on the rest of the SAT math topics. So build upon this knowledge and tackle the rest of what SAT math has to offer. What’s Next? You’ve build up your mathematical foundation and now you’re raring to take on more. Before you start in on another SAT math topic guide, make sure you have a good idea of all the topics covered on the SAT math. Think you might need a tutor? Check out the best ways to find a tutor that suits your needs, whether online or in person. Taken a practice test and don’t know how you match up for schools? Make sure you have a good idea of what your ideal score truly is. And if you feel like you’ve got a handle on the math itself, but struggle with the timing, then be sure to check out our guide on how to complete your SAT math section on time. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Margins of society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Military lessons learned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Arab Women and Education :: Family Identity Essays

Arab Women and Education Whether it was the impoverished desert village, the war torn hills of Beirut, affluent Barqais, the jet set in London and Paris, or the enclosed lives of women in a harem in Morocco, the female characters in these novels all shared five common threads that dealt with the family and the search for identity. In my reading of five novels about Arab women from backgrounds and in situations as diverse as I thought possible, I was surprised to find this common thread running through every piece of literature. In this paper, I will analyze the role the women’s families have in the education of the women, the role of women and families in the literature in political support and times of war, women’s health and family planning, and most of all what these issues do to the emerging identity of the Arab woman. In a society that is so oriented around the extended family, and in which elderly parents are rarely if ever sent to nursing homes, the family’s opinion weighs heavily on what a woman can and cannot do with her life. The examination of the manner in which education is regarded in the families of these women is critical for a better understanding of the decisions they make. In a traditionally patriarchal society where the man is the breadwinner, the assessment of the subject of work outside the home is also interesting. In a region so riddled with almost constant political and military upheaval, there has been bound to have been a change in the roles women in the family play in support of these political and military actions. Finally, the issue of identity is much more prominent in the more modern novels and the issue of the modern family versus the individual and the rise of the individual from the modern family plays very prominently in â€Å"In the Eye of the Sun† and Dreams of Trespass†. The Arab family, as Magida Salman writes, is where â€Å"the fate of women is being decided and unfolds† (Salman 7). Therefore, it is nece ssary to understand the huge impact the family has on the identity of Arab women. Identity as a concept is valuable as a center for cross-cultural understandings of human experience because it begins with the individual, and issues of identity in a literary context can act as a mirror for what is happening in the real world.

Doing Business in Russia & Czech Republic Essay

When assessing the market for investment it is also important to be able to identify what risks are presented by these markets. As this project requires a $100 million investment it is crucial here to be able to have a steady economic and political environment to carry out the operations of the business. As of 2004, the Russian government has taken a strong control of the legislation in the region. The government has either help up or has cancelled several big American projects. The new legislation also tends to weaken the rights of the shareholders. Moreover Russia has not been cooperating with the United State in terms of energy agreements. This makes the country and its legal and political associations hostile towards business which is derived form the United States. This along with the political uncertainty in the region makes the investment climate in Russia very unpredictable and unfavorable. However despite this investment in the economy has been growing. Most of this has come from the FMCG and consumer goods sector. The advantage of conducting business and investing in this region would be benefiting from the high standards of technical education and training. However, by investing in this country the business will have to face and combat corruption at every level. Conducting business in the Czech Republic offers problems in the short term related to compatibility issues, registration of the business as well as adaptation to the culture and environment in the region. However the benefit of investing in this region would be benefiting from the tolerance and cooperation characteristics of the work force which enable the country to be economically successful in the long run. The unemployment rate n the country has decreased and the country is moving towards advancement presenting as a favorable market for investing in a business or operations in this region. According to the analysis of the two countries that has been conducted, it would be more feasible and economically viable to invest in the Czech Republic as compared to Russia.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - 922 Words

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